1. The Height of Imperialism (to rule over a territory) 1800-1914

2. Southeast Asia
Approx. 1880’s European rivals competed and took control of Southeast Asia for resources such as pepper, tea and silk for European factories
Thailand had strong Kings and remained independent
Indirect rule: occurred when local rulers submitted and were allowed to maintain some power (preferred/cost less $)
Direct rule: occurred when nations resisted conquest, thus local leaders were removed from power, replacing them with European Officials

3. Africa
France colonized a huge area in West Africa calling it French Africa
Britain took control of southern Africa, Egypt and other parts of Africa
Other European nations such as Germany and Italy colonized parts of Africa
Rebellions were stopped but by 1908 African Nationalism grew especially by educated Africans and European occupiers weren't welcomed

4. British Rule in India
In 1857 British control of India led to the rebellion of Sepoys (Indian soldiers) but the British stopped it
Benefits of British Rule: railroads, telegraph, postal service
Cons: most Indians didn’t have decent paying jobs and thus were very poor, British forced the growth of cotton (not food) which caused over 30,000,000 Indians to starve
British rule was degrading and by the 1890’s Indians such as Gandhi began an Indian Nationalist Movement

5. Nation Building in Latin America
Since the 1500’s Spain colonized Latin America but in the 1820’s Mexico, Peru, and Latin American nations became independent
1848: Mexico loses the war against the USA and Mexico loses half of its land to the USA
The USA wins the Spanish American War in 1898 and annexes (takes control) of Puerto Rico
High amount of poverty leads to the Mexican Revolution led by Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa