1. Ch 3.2-3.3: The 13 English Colonies
EQ’s:
Which colonies make up each colonial area?
Describe how each colonial area is different. (Use lots of details!)

2. I. New England Colonies
A.Northern colonies New England colonies B. Included: 1. New Hampshire 2.Massachusetts/Maine (part of Mass., counts as one) 3. Rhode Island 4. Connecticut
Note: New England Colonies are shaded in green on this map!

3. II. Pilgrims and the Mayflower
A. Group of pilgrims called Separatists broke ties with Church of England (felt it was too similar to Catholicism)
B. Fled to Americas to avoid religious persecution on ship called the Mayflower (landed in Plymouth, Mass.)
C. Signed document called Mayflower Compact
D. Compact established self government and majority rule

5. III. The Mayflower Compact
A. Written and signed November 11, 1620 before Pilgrims got off ship
B. Not a constitution, but an agreement to form a crude govt. and submit to majority rule
1. Signed by 41 adult males
C. Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings

6. Plymouth Plantation

7. FYI: The First Year… Winter of 1620-1621
Only 44 out of the original 102 survived
None chose to leave in 1621 when Mayflower sailed back
Fall of 1621  First “Thanksgiving” (3 day feast)
Colony survived with fur [especially beaver], fish, and lumber
Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant
1691  only 7,000 people
Merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony
Thanks to Squanto, a Native American (Pawtuxet) who spoke English, the Pilgrims were able to survive.
Squanto helped Pilgrims make a peace treaty with Native Americans – Colonists had been taking Native Americans corn and Native Americans were angered
Squanto help plant, fish, hunt, and even trade with them.
Colonists began to trade with Native Americans for furs and also prepared lumber to ship to England and make a profit.

8. IV. Puritans A. Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England
B : Puritan families left in great #s for New England colonies
1. Called the Great Migration
C. Over 20,000 made the trip across Atlantic Ocean
Puritans were well prepared and did not suffer a starving time
John Winthrop was their governor - He stated that the colony would be a commonwealth (people working together for the good of the whole).
Characteristics of New England Settlements
Low mortality  average life expectancy was 70 years of age
Many extended families
Average 6 children per family
Average age at marriage:
Women – 22 years old
Men – 27 years old.

9. V. New England Way Of Life
A. Religion heavily influenced New England colonies
B. Puritans worked with Indians to learn how to survive in new land
C. “New England Way” of living stressed duty, godliness, hard work, and honesty.
D. Began fishing and growing wheat and corn mostly for themselves but some of which was shipped back to England
Commonwealth was a congregation – Group of people belonging to the same church.
Meeting house was in each town – where they gathered for meetings
In the Massachusetts Bay Colony only male church members could vote and hold office.
Elected representatives called the “General Court”
General Court would elect the governor.
Puritans believed that amusements like dancing and games lead to laziness
All children had to learn to read – to be able to read the bible
New England way encouraged people to work hard allowing the colony to become successful.

10. FYI:Further New England Colonies
1623 Settlement in New Hampshire was established.
1636 Thomas Hooker led his congregation to the Connecticut Valley.
1636 Roger Williams established the Rhode Island colony
Quakers were part of this colony
Thomas Hooker establishes the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – These laws were a Constitution
Roger Williams founded the first Baptist Church in America. He did not agree with the Mayflower compact
-opposed force attendance at church
-opposed taking Native American lands by force
Rhode Island colony guaranteed religious freedom and separation of church and state
Ann Hutchinson would soon follow Roger Williams in 1638 – she was forced to leave because she challenged church authority (had such discussions at her home).
Quakers also follow
- Name Quaker came for a leader’s statement that they should “quake” (or tremble) at the word of the Lord
-Felt that a person did not need a minister or Bible to know God – They found God through an “inner light”
-treated Native Americans fairly
This group (Quakers) were whipped, imprisoned, and hanged for their beliefs.

11. VI. Salem Witchcraft Trials
A. New England colonies originally centered on church
B. By late 1600s began to change
C. Several girls from Salem pretended to be bewitched and falsely accused others of witch craft
D Witch hunts began in Massachusetts,
1. over 100 people arrested and tried
2. 20 found guilty and put to death
E. People saw trials as a sign from God to return to strict Puritan lifestyle
Girls had heard stories about witchcraft from Tituba, a slave from the West Indies

12. VII. Middle Colonies A. Included: 1. New York 2. New Jersey
3. Pennsylvania
4. Delaware
*Note: The Middle
Colonies are
shaded purple
on this map.

13. VII. Middle Colonies Cont.
B. Middle Colonies located between New England colonies to the north and Southern Colonies to the south

14. VII. Middle Colonies Cont.
C. Most Diverse Colony Area
1. Groups who came to the middle colonies included:
a. Swedes, Dutch, English, Germans, and Africans, and others

15. VIII. The Quakers A. Another religious group
B. Had no ministers or Bible,
1. Only needed “inner light”
C. Treated Native Americans fairly
D. Why they came?: Religious Freedom Many were whipped, imprisoned, and hanged for their beliefs while in England

16. Extra Info: The Quakers
Called Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices. They felt that everyone should tremble (or quake) at the word of the Lord.

17. IX. Living in the Middle Colonies
A. Religious freedom attracted many groups to move to middle colonies B. Hudson and Delaware rivers supported shipping and commerce C. River valleys had rich soil and mild winters, great for farming and raising livestock

18. X. Southern Colonies A. Included: 1. Maryland 2. Virginia
3. North Carolina
4. South Carolina
5. Georgia
*Note: The
Southern
Colonies are
shaded in red on this map!

19. XI. Location Factors of Southern Colonies
Bordered by Appalachian mountains to west and Atlantic Ocean to east
B. Largest colonial area
C. Climate and soil good for warm weather crops like tobacco and rice

20. American Long Grain Rice
Indigo
American Long Grain Rice
Corn
1. Cash Crops grown by
Southern Colonies
Tobacco Plant

21. Extra Info: Late-Coming Georgia
-Founded in 1733
-Last of the 13 colonies
-Founded by James Oglethorpe
-Named in honor of King George II
- A haven for debtors
-As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana

22. Summary! Think: “What did I learn?”
Write a 10 sentence summary answering the EQ’s using details!
Remember the EQ’s were:
Which colonies make up each colonial area?
2. Describe how each colonial area is different. (Use lots of details!)