1. Chapter 4 (Pp 112-123) Methods of Treatment

2. Cognitive Therapy
A form of therapy that helps clients identify and correct faulty cognitions (thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes) believed to underlie their emotional problems and maladaptive behavior.

3. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Albert Ellis believed that negative emotions such as anxiety and depression are caused by the irrational ways in which we interpret or judge negative events, not by negative events themselves.
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) - A therapeutic approach that focuses on helping clients replace irrational, maladaptive beliefs with alternative, more adaptive beliefs.
Rational emotive behavior therapists help clients substitute more effective interpersonal behavior for self-defeating or maladaptive behavior.

4. Your Erroneous Zones by Dr
Your Erroneous Zones by Dr. Wayne Dyer Provides step-by-step advice for escaping the trap of negative thinking based on REBT

5. Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Psychiatrist Aaron Beck and his colleagues developed cognitive therapy, which, like REBT, focuses on people’s faulty thoughts and beliefs.
Cognitive therapists encourage clients to recognize and change errors in their thinking, called cognitive distortions, such as tendencies to magnify negative events and minimize personal accomplishments, that affect their moods and impair their behavior.
Cognitive therapists have clients record the thoughts that are prompted by upsetting events and note the connections between their thoughts and their emotional responses.

6. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) - A learning-based approach to therapy incorporating cognitive and behavioral techniques.
CBT attempts to integrate therapeutic techniques that help individuals make changes not only in their overt behavior but also in their underlying thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes.
CBT draws on the assumption that thinking patterns and beliefs affect behavior and that changes in these cognitions can produce desirable behavioral and emotional changes

8. Therapies DVD (Humanistic, Cognitive-Behavioral and Psychodynamic)

9. Eclectic Therapy
An approach to psychotherapy that incorporates principles or techniques from various systems or theories.
An eclectic therapist might use behavior therapy techniques to help a client change specific maladaptive behaviors, for example, along with psychodynamic techniques to help the client gain insight into the childhood roots of the problem.
Some therapists are technical eclectics using techniques from different therapeutic approaches the believe are most likely to work for their client
Other eclectic therapists are integrative eclectics attempting to integrate and synthesize diverse theoretical approaches

10. Therapeutic orientations of clinical and counseling psychologists
An eclectic/integrative orientation is the most widely endorsed therapeutic orientation among clinical and counseling psychologists today.

11. Group, Family, and Couple Therapy
Group therapy - A form of therapy in which a group of clients meets together with a therapist.
Family therapy - A form of therapy in which the family, not the individual, is the unit of treatment.
Couple therapy - A form of therapy that focuses on resolving conflicts in distressed couples.

12. Group Therapy
What are some of the advantages of group therapy over individual therapy? What are some of its disadvantages?

13. Family Therapy
In family therapy, the family, not the individual, is the unit of treatment. Family therapists help family members communicate more effectively with one another, for example, to air their disagreements in ways that are not hurtful to individual members. Family therapists also try to prevent one member of the family from becoming the scapegoat for the family’s problems.

14. Evaluating Methods of Psychotherapy
Reviews of the scientific literature often utilize a statistical technique called meta-analysis, which averages the results of a large number of studies to determine an overall level of effectiveness.
In the most frequently cited meta-analysis of psychotherapy research, M. L. Smith and Glass (1977) analyzed the results of some 375 controlled studies comparing various types of therapies (psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, etc.) against controlgroups.
The results of their analyses showed that the average psychotherapy client in these studies was better off than 75% of the clients who remained untreated.

15. Evaluating Methods of Psychotherapy

16. Evaluating Methods of Psychotherapy
Managed care systems - Health care delivery systems that impose limits on the number of treatment sessions they will approve for payment and the fees they will allow for reimbursement.

17. The End