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s s Wind-induced circulation
The wind-induced circulation can compete with estuarine circulation, or act in concert The wind-induced circulation will depend on stratification: depth-dependent under stratified conditions weak depth-dependence under homogeneous conditions s Weak Depth-Averaged Transport s Large Depth-Mean Transport
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sx Wind-Induced Surface Slope
Can be assessed from the vertical integration of the linearized u momentum equation, with no steady state: Note that a westward sx (negative) produces a negative slope. sx x1 x2 y x x1 x2 Wind will pile up water in the direction toward which it blows.
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Wind-driven flow and bathymetric effects
non-dimensionalized momentum balance: non-dimensional variables: subscript indicates dimensional variables boundary conditions Integrating twice and applying boundary conditions:
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volume transport no net volume transport
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Along the Estuary: Pressure Gradient + Friction
Winant (2004) Along the Estuary: Pressure Gradient + Friction Across the Estuary: Pressure Gradient + Friction
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X t ROMS (full dynamics) Homogeneous fluid with rotation Sanay &
Valle-Levinson (2005) ROMS (full dynamics) Homogeneous fluid with rotation (red is downwind; blue is upwind)
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Particle trajectories
(high E) (low E) y x y z y x y z Particle trajectories Winant (2004)
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t Examples of bathymetric effects on wind-induced flow
Looking into lagoon Red = Water going out Blue = Water going in
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Residual Flow at Bahía Concepción, Chile
(looking seaward)
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Matlab code Winant’s (2004) clear all close all [y,z]=meshgrid(-1:.05:1,-1:.05:0); h=1-abs(y); % bathymetry y1=y(1,:); h1=h(1,:); % first row of ‘y’ and ‘z’ dn=1.5*mean(h1.^2)/mean(h1.^3); % d eta/dx u=dn*(z.^2-h.^2)/2+z+h; % u matrix ll=[-4,-3,-1,-.25,-.2,0]; % contour intervals to plot an label colormap pink contourf(y,z,u,ll) hold on contour(y,z,u,'ShowText','on','LineWidth',1.,'LineColor',[0 0 0]) fill([-1,y1,1],[-1,-h1,-1],'w')
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