1. Sparta
SPARTA

3. MILITARY SOCIETY
Life revolved around army, no need for city walls…army will defend
All men aspired to become soldiers
Newborn infants were examined
Healthy: could live
Sickly: left to die on a hillside
Spartan phalanx, horrible histories

4. SPARTAN MEN
Age 7: taken to military barracks to start training in reading, writing, weapons
Age 20: became soldiers & sent to frontier
Age 30: marry & reproduce, but still stay in army
Age 60: retire from army

5. SPARTAN MEN Life in barracks is harsh
Beaten by older children to make you tough
Whipped in front of others but could not cry
Given little food & encouraged to steal
Wore rags & no shoes all year
In time, taught to lie, steal, cheat
Horrible histories, spartan teacher conference

6. SPARTAN WOMEN Life’s ambition is to be a soldier’s mother
Brought up to be healthy
Trained in wrestling, boxing, gymnastics
Married at 19 so babies would be healthy
More personal freedoms than Athenians, but not serve in gov’t

7. SPARTAN GOVT.
There were kings, but their duties were limited to leading the army & conducting religious services
The Assembly (male citizens over 30) passed laws, made decisions
Was a republic: gov’t by representatives
A Council of the Elders (male citizens over 60) served as supreme court;

8. CULTURE Individualism and new ideas were discouraged
Used Helots to farm for them
They were exceptional athletes, competed well in the Olympics, & defended Greece against invaders

9. Athenss

11. Government
Unlike Sparta they developed a constitution that stated all free, Athenian-born men were citizens…regardless of what social class - Now they could participate in Assembly regardless of land ownership
- This reduced friction in Athens

12. Children
Boys given an education, as they were expected to hold office as a citizen 1 day
Girls received no formal education, just household training from mother
Private tutors or schools
From 7-18 boys learned:
Arithmetic --Geometry
Drawing, music, gymnastics
Main texts were Iliad & Odyssey

13. Children in Athens
Wealthy girls would marry their father’s choice at 15
Peasant girls would choose a husband from the field
Boys would train for future jobs after school
They entered the military after graduation & then went onto careers such as businessmen or Olympic athletes

14. Women Wore clothes to depict their status in society
Most important job is having children
Women not allowed to eat/sleep in same room as men, go to market
Less freedom
Historical wife swap, horrible histories

15. Men Like their wives, wore clothes equal to their status
In charge of family & house
Would work as businessmen or farmers during the day
Given the most responsibility in Greece, so they were the most important people

16. Democracy Governed by the Citizens Assembly Open to all citizens
Was a democracy: ordinary citizens participate directly or by elected representatives
Democracy means “rule by the people” in Greek
Women, foreigners, and slave were not considered citizens.