1. 1-2: The Enlightenment

2. Big Idea: Liberty and Order
Enduring Understanding:
A balance between governmental power and individual rights has been a hallmark of American political development
Learning Objectives:
Describe the origins of democratic ideals reflected in the Constitution.
Explain how models of representative democracy are visible in major institutions, policies, events, or debates in the U.S.

3. The Enlightenment Intellectual ferment
Relationship between people and government?
Took root in American colonies
The Framers of the Constitution lived in a period of intellectual ferment known as the Enlightenment.
European political thinkers and writers challenged traditional views of the relationship between the people and their government.
Enlightened ideas took root in the American colonies, where they became the dominant philosophical and political views of the time.
Leaders such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison used Enlightenment ideas to justify their opposition to the British government.

4. Enlightenment Ideals Limited Government Natural Rights
Popular Sovereignty
Republicanism
Social Contract

5. Locke Natural rights Purpose of Government Rights > governments
“Social Contract”

6. Montesquieu Separation of Powers Divided authority protects rights
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
Divided authority protects rights

7. Rousseau “Consent of the Governed” Government as a servant
People can remove a ruler

8. Types of Representative Democracies
Participatory Democracy
Emphasizes broad participation
Pluralist Democracy
Recognizes group-based activism
Elite Democracy
Emphasizes limited participation of common people