1. Symbioses
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Opportunism

2. Infection and Disease
Contamination
Infection
Disease

3. Pathogenicity Concepts
Virulence/Avirulence

4. Normal Microflora Population size Resident Transient Hours to months
Even pathogens in an immune person

5. Koch’s Postulates 1. Same microbe in every case of disease EXCEPTIONS
2. The agent must be isolated and grown in pure culture.
3. Hosts must get the same disease when inoculated.
4. The agent must be reisolated and show to be the same causative agent.
EXCEPTIONS
Microbes do not always cause the same disease
Microbes cannot be cultured in isolation
Many microbes cause the same disease

6. Kinds of Disease Infectious/Non-infectious
Communicable/Non-communicable

7. How Microbes Cause Disease
Bacterial Toxins (cont.)
Exotoxins
Hemolysins
Leukocidins
Neurotoxins
Enterotoxins
Cytopathic Effects (Viruses)
Inclusion bodies
Giant cells
Persistent infections (HBV)
Direct Action
Adhesins
Invasion enhancing enzymes
Hyaluronidase
Coagulase
Kinase
Bacterial Toxins
Endotoxins
Fever
Shock

8. Vocabulary Terms Acute Sign Chronic Symptom Subacute Syndrome Latent
Sequelae (seen later)

9. Vocabulary Terms (2) Local infection Focal infection
Systemic infection
Septicemia
Bacteremia
Viremia

10. Vocabulary Terms (3) Primary infection Secondary infection
Superinfection
Mixed infection
Inapparent (subclinical) infection

11. Infectious Disease Stages
Incubation
Prodromal
Invasive
Decline
Convalescence

12. Control of Infectious Disease
Drugs
Immunization
Sanitization
Future Challenges