1. Unit 2
Matter
and
Temperature

2. What is MATTER?
* MATTER is anything that has volume and mass.

3. Physical Properties
Characteristics of a substance that can be used to identify it.
Odor
Color
Shape
Flavor
Texture
State of matter
All measurements

4. (changing a physical property does NOT change the substance)
Physical Change
A change in one or more physical properties.
(changing a physical property does NOT change the substance)

5. Temperature
Measurement of the average motion of the particles in matter.
> more motion = higher temperature
> less motion = lower temperature

6. 5 States ( Phases ) of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Einstein Condensate

7. The state (phase) of matter depends on its temperature.
changing the temperature, you can change its state (phase).

8. Characteristics of Matter
Solid - has a definite shape and volume
Liquid - takes the shape of its container but DOES NOT completely fill it

9. Characteristics of Matter
Gas - takes the shape of its container but DOES completely fill it
Plasma - hard to contain and very dangerous

10. Characteristics of Matter
Einstein Condensate – super solid with definite shape and volume

12. Non-Crystalline Solid
A solid but not made of crystals.
* called amorphous solids meaning “having no form”
* most of the solids we encounter are this type

13. Crystalline Solid
Particles arrange themselves in repeating geometric patterns.
* crystals

15. Kinetic Molecular Theory
The STUFF (particles) that make up matter is in constant motion.
* the arrangement and movement helps determine its state of matter

16. Arrangement and Movement
Einstein Condensate – extremely cold and tightly packed; immeasurable movement; acts as a super particle
Solid - tightly packed; very limited movement
Liquid - loosely packed; medium movement

17. Arrangement and Motion
Gas - free and independent; fast movement
Plasma - loosely packed; very high energy level; uncontainable movement

18. Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe.
* 99% of the mass of the Solar System is plasma
* least common state of matter on Earth

19. Thermal Expansion
As particles in matter heat up, they move faster and hit against each other with more force.
* this causes the matter to expand in all direction
* as things cool down they contract

20. 1.) Hotdogs in the microwave.
Examples of
Thermal Expansion
1.) Hotdogs in the microwave.
2.) Unopened soda left out in the sun or in your car.

21. Image of Thermal Expansion
The railroad tracks were straight when built.

22. Chemical Properties Ability to Burn Ability to Rust Ability to Rot
Characteristics of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change.
Ability to Burn
Ability to Rust
Ability to Rot
Ability to Fizz
(produce a gas)

23. Chemical Change
A change of one substance in a material to a different substance.
(a chemical change makes a NEW substance)
(a chemical change is difficult to reverse)

24. Law of Conservation of Mass
The mass of all substances before a chemical change EQUALS the mass of all substances after the change.
* what goes in must equal what comes out

25. The End