1. Desalination

2. Desalination History -1852: British patent on desalination device
Process that removes dissolved minerals (including but not limited to salt) from seawater and المالحة brackish water
History
-1852: British patent on desalination device
-1928: First major commitment to desalination
-1938: First large-scale desalination plant (Saudi Arabia)
-WWII: Considerable desalination research by US (establishment of Office of Saline Water (OSW) and Office of Water Research

3. Simplified Box Diagram for Desalination
Feedwater (seawater or brackish water)

4. World Desalination Capacity by Source of Water (June 1999)

8. Diagram of a Vapor Still

11. Major Desalting Processes
Thermal:
-Multi-stage flash distillation
-Multiple-effect distillation
-Vapor compression
Membrane:
-Electrodialysis
-Reverse osmosis
Minor processes: freezing, membrane distillation, solar humidification

13. Boiling Temperature of Water at Different Pressures
Pressure (bar) Temperature (deg. C)

15. Multi-stage flash distillation

17. Components of a Reverse Osmosis Plant

18. Reverse Osmosis