1. THE DIFFERENT FACES OF SELF
SELF AS OBJECT
Self-Concept: The perceptions, conceptions, beliefs, and values one holds about oneself
SELF AS SUBJECT
Sense of Agency: One’s beliefs about what determines what happens to him or her
Mastery Orientation: Belief that achievements are based on one’s own efforts
Learned Helplessness: Belief that achievements are a result of luck or other factors over which one has little control
Sense of Individuality: The sense of one’s own uniqueness
Sense of Stability: The sense of continuity in one’s past, present, and future
Sense of Reflection: The ability to think about one’s self

2. TYPES OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION
ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION: Behavior that enhances competence of judgements of competence; a desire to strive for some high but reasonable standard of excellence in a skill or area of knowledge
LEARNING ORIENTATION: Intrinsic motivation, coming from within the learner and the task; learner is trying to satisfy self
PERFORMANCE ORIENTATION: Extrinsic motivation, coming from the evaluations of other individuals; learner is trying to satisfy others

3. With children under age 18 With children under age 6
Working Mothers 70 60 50 40
Percentage of mothers 30 20 10
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
1994
With children under age 18
With children under age 6

4. Divorce Rate 60 50 40 30
Per 1000 of population 20 10
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
1993

5. Task 1: Understanding the divorce Task 2: Strategic withdrawal
The Psychological Tasks of Children of Divorce
Task 1: Understanding the divorce
Task 2: Strategic withdrawal
Task 3: Dealing with loss
Task 4: Dealing with anger
Task 5: Working out guilt
Task 6: Accepting the permanence
Task 7: Taking a chance on love

6. Summary of Middle Childhood Psychosocial Development
Freudian latency stage.
Energies focus on learning and productivity.
Erikson’s industry vs. inferiority crisis; a focus on achievement is successful resolution.
Peer relationships become important; children develop friendships.
Children must cope with school and TV influences, divorce, working mothers, living in a violent society, and various other stressors.