1. Reconstruction and the “New South”
Chapter 2 Section 4

2. Lecture Focus Question
How did southern whites attempt to recreate life prior to the Civil War?

3. Problems for the South Damage 2/3 Southern Shipping Industry
9,000 miles of railroad
Farm: land, buildings, machinery, work animals, and 1/3 of livestock
Thousands of miles of roads, canals, levees, factories, cities, and ports.

4. Problems for the South Death 1/5 southern adult white males
260,000 soldiers
Countless civilians (women and children)

5. Problems for the South Competition
Black Southerners-homeless, jobless, hungry
Plantation Owners-3 billion in slave labor lost + captured or abandoned property.
Poor White Southerners-No way to compete with freedmen, taxes are too high.

6. The Man with the Plan Abraham Lincoln
Offered a pardon to any confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept the federal policy on slavery.
Denied Pardon to all Confederate military and gov’t. officials who killed African American War Prisoners
Allowed each state to hold a convention to create a new state constitution only after 10% of voters in each state had sworn allegiance to the Union

7. The Man with the Plan
States could hold elections and resume full participation in the Union
April 14, 1865 Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth at the Ford Theater.
V.P. Andrew Johnson is sworn in as President and continues with his own plan for reconstruction.

8. Reconstruction & Black Codes
Reconstruction: period immediately following the Civil War during which Union troops occupied the South as it was being rebuilt
Black codes: laws that restricted freedmen’s rights
Curfew and vagrancy laws
Labor contracts
Land restrictions
FORCED THEM TO LIVE ON PLANTATIONS!

9. Reconstruction Act of 1867
Passed after Lincoln’s assassination in 1865
Put South under military rule
Temporarily barred Confederacy supporters from voting
Required all states to ratify 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
Ended in 1877 when Union troops were pulled out of the South

11. Govt. Action 13th Amendment: abolished slavery
14th Amendment: guaranteed citizens equal protection under the law
15th Amendment: guaranteed voting rights for all male citizens
Freedmen’s Bureau: govt agency that aided newly freed slaves with food, clothes, and medical care

12. Pair Share
What steps did the federal government take to ensure that the South would not rebel again?

13. Changes in Farming
Tenant farming: system of farming in which a person rents land to farm from a planter
Freedom to choose which crops to plant
Led to greater debt
Sharecropping: system of farming in which a farmer tends some portion of a planter’s land and receives a share of the crop at harvest time as payment
Led to greater debt

14. SHARECROPPING AND THE CYCLE OF DEBT
Poor whites and freedmen
have no jobs, no homes,
and no money to buy land.
5. Sharecropper cannot
leave the farm as long
as he is in debt to the landlord.
2. Poor whites and freedmen
sign contracts to work a
landlord’s acreage in exchange
for a part of the crop.
4. At harvest time, the
sharecropper owes more
to the landlord than his
share of the crop is worth
3. Landlord keeps track of
the money that sharecroppers
owe him for housing and food.
SHARECROPPING AND THE CYCLE OF DEBT

15. Effects on the South
Carpetbaggers: Northern Republicans who moved South to profit from Southern misery
Cycle of debt continues
Rise of merchants
New wealthy class grown out of tenant farming
Growth of cities (ex: Atlanta)
Most visible black organizations  churches