1. Traumatic Brain Injury

2. Definitions Brain Injury Head Injury Traumatic Brain Injury
Acquired Brain Injury
Head Injury
Open Head Injury
Closed Head Injury

3. Causes & Population Characteristics
Young, male
MVA, Falls, Sports, Assaults, Other

4. Anatomy & Physiology

5. Mechanisms of Brain Injury
Coup-Contrecoup
Rotational Forces
Shearing/Diffuse Axonal Injury
Hematoma
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Anoxia
Seizures

6. Glasgow Coma Scale Eye Opening Best Verbal Response
Best Motor Response

7. Coma and Post-Traumatic Amnesia (PTA)

8. Physical Problems Headaches Seizures
Decreased Muscle Strength & Coordination
Spasticity
Contractures
Balance

9. Physical Problems Continued
Vision, Speech, Hearing, Smell, Taste Impairments
Sleep Impairment & Fatigue

10. Cognitive Impairments
Memory
Initiation
Overstimulation
Perceptual Dysfunction
Processing Deficits
Attention & Concentration
Communication Deficits
Comprehension

11. Cognitive Impairments Continued
Planning & Problem Solving
Organization & Sequencing
Impulsivity
Judgement

12. Behavior Disorders Low frustration Tolerance Emotional Lability
Agitation
Aggression
Self-centeredness
Difficulty in interpersonal interactions
Anosagnosia
Depression

13. Behavior Disorders Continued
Substance Abuse
Hypersexuality & Hyposexuality

14. Rancho Los Amigos Levels
Level 1 - No response
Level 2 - Generalized Response
Level 3 - Localized Response
Level 4 - Confused and Agitated
Level 5 - Confused, inappropriate but not agitated
Level 6 - Confused but appropriate
Level 7 - Automatic, appropriate
Level 8 - Purposeful and Appropriate

15. Rehabilitation Case Manager Physiatrist Rehabilitation Nurse
Psychologist/Neuropsychologist
Physical Therapist
Occupational Therapist
Speech Therapist
Recreation Therapist

16. Rehabilitation Continued
Rehabilitation Counselor
Others e.g. Nutritionist, Neuro- ophthalmologist, etc.

17. Brain Injury Association, Inc.
biausa.org