1. Cardiovascular System
PA 544
Clinical Anatomy
Tony Serino, Ph.D.

2. General Circulatory System
Cardiovascular
Consists of a closed system of vessels which transport blood
Two circuits: Systemic and Pulmonary
Arteries move blood away from the heart
Veins move blood toward the heart

3. General Circulatory System
Lymphvascular –moves lymph
Consist of blind end tubes which collect interstitial fluid (now called lymph) and returns it to circulation
The lymph is cleaned before returned to the blood vessels

4. Blood Vessels Arteries –conduct blood away from heart
Elastic arteries, Muscular arteries, arterioles
Veins –conduct blood toward heart
Venules, small and large veins
Capillaries –thinnest blood vessel; used in exchange, is the functional unit of circulatory system (Microcirculation)
AV shunts, metarterioles, pre-capillary sphincters, and capillary bed

5. Blood Vessels Types

6. Vessel Anatomy

7. Capillary Anatomy
Three types: tight, fenestrated and sinusoids

8. Capillary Types Tight Capillary Fenestrated Capillary
Sinusoidal Capillary

9. Capillary Bed

10. Arteries and Veins
Arteries are known as resistance vessels, especially the arterioles
Arteries withstand the greatest BP
Veins are capacitance vessels, they are able to change the diameter to hold more or less blood

11. BP through Vascular Tree
Small changes in arteriolar diameter produce big changes in resistance; termed total peripheral resistance (TPR)

12. TPR (total peripheral resistance)
TPR is the opposition to blood flow through the vessel (caused by friction)
Arteries with their smaller lumen resist blood flow
Arteriolar diameter contribute the most to TPR
Arteriolar compliance (the ability of the vessel to distend) controls the TPR
Sympathetic innervation controls arteriolar radius
The viscosity of the blood also affects resistance

13. Blood Flow Velocity in Vascular Tree

14. Blood Flow Changes During Exercise

16. Atherosclerotic plaque

17. Pressure Points

18. Skeletal Muscle Pump