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Dietary Exposure Assessment Activities at U. S
Dietary Exposure Assessment Activities at U.S. EPA's Office Pesticide Programs Interagency Risk Assessment Consortium Workshop on Chemical Food Safety Risk Assessment FDA – Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Aaron Niman LT, USPHS Office of Pesticide Programs US Environmental Protection Agency June 14, 2012 Health Effects Division Office of Pesticide Programs
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Overview U.S. EPA’s Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP)
OPP’s dietary exposure assessment methodology Dietary Exposure Assessment Resources Food Commodity Intake Database (FCID) JIFSAN Foodrisk.org Web Application Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM) Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS) Model
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EPA’s Office of Pesticide Programs
Antimicrobials Health Effects Environmental Fate & Effects Biopesticides & Pollution Prevention Biological & Economic Analysis Registration Pesticide Re-Evaluation Field & External Affairs IT Office Director Registers pesticides for agricultural, residential, and public health applications Evaluates safety of pesticides by assessing exposure and associated risks Establishes legal limits (aka “tolerances”) for pesticides on agricultural commodities
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Dietary Exposure Assessment
Approach Evaluate food consumption patterns and residue concentrations that lead to highest potential for exposure Assessments range from simple to complex, but based on same general exposure algorithm Tiering process used to refine exposure assessment to reflect more realistic assumptions Consumption Residue Dietary Exposure X =
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Dietary Exposure Modeling
Exposure assessment models based on nationally-representative monitoring surveys Key data surveys and databases: USDA’s Pesticide Data Program (PDP) Nationally representative commodity residue sampling program Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) ( /1998) NHANES’ What We Eat In America (WWEIA) Nationally representative food consumption surveys U.S. EPA’s Food Commodity Intake Database (FCID) Recipe database that links WWEIA foods to PDP residue data
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Dietary Exposure Modeling
Food Consumption (WWEIA) Food Recipe Database (FCID) Raw Ingredient Consumption Dietary Exposure = Ingredient Pesticide Residue (USDA/PDP) Acceptable Level aPAD, cPAD, etc. Risk
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Dietary Exposure Modeling
Modeling tools rely on probabilistic techniques (Monte-Carlo) to evaluate exposure Techniques are routinely applied by OPP for virtually all of its pesticide risk assessments Allow the Agency to characterize and quantify the variability in dietary exposure across various subgroups of interest X = All Residue Values All Consumption Values Range of Dietary Exposures
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Dietary Exposure Modeling
DEEM-FCID/Calendex SHEDS-Multimedia
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Dietary Resources Food Commodity Intake Database
Recipe database used by EPA/OPP in exposure assessment models Developed using CSFII, , 1998 Updated for NHANES-WWEIA, Foodrisk.org Web Application FCID recipe search tool Links to NHANES-WWEIA Population-based consumption estimates Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM) Dietary exposure assessment mode Now free and publically available Utilizes NHANES WWEIA survey data Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS) Model Developed by EPA’s Office of Research and Development Simulates aggregate and cumulative dietary exposure
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Food Commodity Intake Database (FCID)
Both CSFII and WWEIA Captures dietary recall data on foods as reported eaten Examples: 1 slice apple pie, 1 Big Mac™ , 1 slice Cheese Pizza (1/8 of 12” pie) Pesticide residue information and regulatory focus is on a food commodity basis Therefore, estimating dietary exposure requires converting data on foods “as eaten” to food commodities (e.g, tomato sauce, wheat flour, apples, soybean oil, beef, milk, etc.)
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Food Commodity Intake Database (FCID)
Translates foods as reported eaten to raw agricultural commodities using U.S. EPA food vocabulary Developed in collaboration with USDA ‘s Agricultural Research Service Originally based on: CSFII /1998 USDA’s Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) Converts more than 5,000 food codes into recipes containing roughly 540 difference food commodities
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Food Commodity Intake Database (FCID)
Also includes additional information on food commodities (used subsequently in exposure modeling) Cooked Status (Yes, No) Food Form (Fresh, frozen, etc.) Cooking Method (Baked, boiled, etc.)
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Food Commodity Intake Database: Example
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Updating FCID: WWEIA 2003-2008 New Recipe Formation
New recipes were needed for foods that were not included in earlier versions of FCID. Some of these new foods were easily matched to an already existing recipe for a similar food that was in the CSFII-FCID database, with little or no modification necessary. Other foods required generating a recipe “from scratch,” or using an already existing recipe but applying significant alterations to their ingredients.
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FCID Accessibility http://fcid.foodrisk.org/
Developed database and user interface in MS Access Web application with USDA’s Food Safety Inspection Service and U-Maryland’s Joint Institute of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN) Functionality Improve transparency of coded fields Make recipes fully searchable Make recipe format more user-friendly Enable users to estimate consumption of food commodities Weighted mean and percentile calculations
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Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM)
EPA/OPP has acquired DEEM license and made freely available to the public Improve accessibility Increase transparency of EPA/OPP regulatory decisions DEEM Updates and Release Incorporates WWEIA consumption data Addressed stakeholder feedback from Fall 2011 beta testing Enables eating occasion analysis
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DEEM – User Interface
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DEEM – User Interface
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DEEM – User Interface
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SHEDS-Multimedia State-of-the-science model developed by EPA’s Office of Research and Development Enables longitudinal assessment of exposure from multimedia sources SHEDS-Residential v.4: Residential model that can simulate cumulative or aggregate residential exposures over time via multiple routes of exposure for different types of chemicals and scenarios. SHEDS-Dietary v.1: Dietary model that can simulate individual exposures to chemicals in food and drinking water over different time periods Collaborated closely with EPA’s Office of Pesticide Programs with extensive peer-review by the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel
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SHEDS-Dietary v.1: Longitudinal Analysis
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SHEDS-Dietary v.1: Uncertainty Analysis
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What’s Next FCID Recipe Database DEEM-WWEIA 2003-08 SHED-Dietary
FCID available through foodrisk.org Working to finalize recipe CR-ROM and make available through JIFSAN foodrisk.org website DEEM-WWEIA Available through EPA/OPP website Performing model-to-model comparisons Upcoming ISES Dietary Symposium (Oct-2012) SHED-Dietary Available through EPA/ORD website
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Exposure Assessment Resources
FCID Recipe Database DEEM-WWEIA SHEDS-Multimedia
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Questions
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Extra Slides
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New Recipe Formation Step 1 Step 1.A Step 2 Step 3 Step 4
Identify food nutrients Step 1.A Conduct internet search to determine food description and ingredients (if necessary) Step 2 Search existing recipes for similar food Step 3 Use similar existing recipe as starting point for new recipe Step 4 Modify/add/delete recipe commodities to match new recipe nutrient information
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Search Recipes by Food Name
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Generate Recipe Report
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