1. #______ CH 7 NOTES

2. Immigrants & Immigration
Chapter 7
Section 1
Immigrants & Immigration

3. California Academic Standards: 11.2.1 & 11.2.2
11.2 Students analyze the relationship among the rise of industrialization, large-scale rural-to-urban migration, and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe.
Know the effects of industrialization on living and working conditions, including the portrayal of working conditions and food safety in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.
Describe the changing landscape, including the growth of cities linked by industry and trade, and the development of cities divided according to race, ethnicity, and class.

7. Objectives:
Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to:
Summarize the various parts of the world from which immigrants came to the “golden door”
Describe the journey immigrants endured and how they passed through the immigration stations
Explain the kinds discrimination immigrants faced and the actions taken by nativists

8. America: The Golden Door
The land of opportunity, for the right people of course.
What was this American Dream these immigrants were coming for?
Could/can it really be achieved by anybody?
In the late 1800s and early 1900s immigrants from various countries believed it could.

9. America at the Turn of the Century (1900)
Perceived Image
Reality
Streets paved with gold
Jobs waiting for them when they arrived
Beautiful land
Plenty of room for everybody
Dirt or mud streets
Few jobs
Little opportunity
Small apartments
Overcrowding

10. Where & Why? Where were these immigrants coming from?
Europe
China (Asia)
Latin America (Caribbean & Mexico)
Why did they want to leave their countries?
Many were lured by the promise of a better life
Others left in order to escape difficult conditions such as:
Poverty
Famine
Land shortages
Religious or political persecution
In search of gold in California

12. Immigration to U.S. at Turn of the Century
Europe
China (Asia)
Latin America (Caribbean & Mexico)
20 million came between 1870 and 1920
Jews came from Russia to escape the pogroms, organized massacres against the Jews
Other Europeans left because of rising population
Came for the Gold Rush & jobs
Helped build the first transcontinental railroad
No jobs in the Caribbean
Some Mexicans did not have to immigrate, they just stayed put in the land that was ceded to the U.S. in the annexation of Texas and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Other Mexicans came later as a result of political revolution in Mexico in 1902 and 1910

13. Checking For Understanding
What was the perception of America that made immigrants want to come here, was it what they expected?
Jobs waiting, success, jobs, homes.
What were some of the reasons people immigrated to America?
Promise of a better life or problems in their home country
Between 1870 & 1920, how many immigrants came from Europe?
20 million

14. Life in the New Land
By the 1870s almost all immigrants traveled to U.S. by steamship
From Europe to Ellis Island, New York took 1 week
From Asia to Angel Island, California took 3 weeks
Horrible conditions on the ships:
Immigrants traveled in steerage
Were overcrowded
Contracted illnesses
Shared restroom facilities with large amounts of people
Could not exercise or get fresh air

15. Ellis Island
Angel Island

16. Immigrant Processing Stations of U.S. 1900
Angel Island, SF
Ellis Island, NY
Asian immigrants
Abrasive (harsh) processing
West coast version of Ellis Island, much more harsh though
Located in SF bay
Processed Asian immigrants
Harsh questioning and long detention
Immigrants kept in filthy buildings and confined like prisoners
European immigrants
Easy processing
In New York, Ellis Island was the immigrant processing station that immigrants had to clear through in order to be admitted to the U.S.
Only 2% had to return home after the inspection
From ,000 immigrants per day came through Ellis Island alone

17. Immigration Requirements
In order to stay the immigrants had to:
Pass a physical exam by a doctor
Have documents checked and get questioned
Pass a literacy test in their own native language
Prove they were able to work
And prove they had $25

18. Culture Shock Confused and anxious immigrants got taken advantage of
They needed to find a job, a place to live
Difficulty adapting because they did not speak the same languages of employers or residents

19. Ethnic Communities
Immigrants from same countries stayed in the same areas, common languages, religions
Immigrants felt like second class citizens
Immigrant Settlement Patterns in NY 1910

20. Immigration Restrictions
Many native-born Americans began to think of the country as a melting pot
Melting pot- a mixture of people of different cultures and races who blended together by abandoning their native languages and customs
Immigrants did not want to give up their traditions

21. Rise of Nativism
Favoritism showed toward native-born Americans by government and employers
Immigrants from the right countries, Britain, Germany, Scandinavia, treated well because they were generally energetic, and progressive
Immigrants from wrong countries, Slav, Latin, and Asian, were treated badly because historically downtrodden and stagnant
Native born-Americans feared the rise of Roman Catholic religion, Jews
Asian immigrants were discriminated against because of their dress and their hair, in addition to their language

22. Rise of Nativism cont.
Depression of 1873 caused even more bad blood between native born and Chinese
Immigrants now competed for jobs with Native
Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882
The Act banned entry to most Chinese and remained in place until 1943
Asian immigration lead to Asian segregated schools in San Francisco in 1906
Gentleman’s agreement was reached to desegregate schools if Japan would agree to limit emigration to the U.S.

23. Pacific Ocean
China
USA

24. Checking For Understanding
What was the immigrant check in station on the east coast/west coast?
East: Ellis Island West: Angel Island
Where did most immigrants settle once they arrived in America?
In cities with other fellow immigrants.
Why did most natives get upset with immigrants?
They took jobs and did not assimilate but rather kept their own traditions.