1. Separation Methods

2. Types of Solutions & Mixtures
Solution: A homogeneous mixture of two or more compounds where a solute has dissolved in a solvent
Homogeneous: A mixture that is perfectly uniform throughout, that is the same throughout

3. Mixture: A combination of two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined. Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous
Heterogeneous: A mixture of substances that is not the same through out or not uniform

4. Examples: Homogeneous or Heterogeneous+ = + =
Heterogeneous

5. Examples: Homogeneous or Heterogeneous+ + + =
Heterogeneous + + + =
Homogeneous

6. Examples
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous

7. Separating Mixtures Decanting
Definition: A method of separation in which a solution is poured from a container in order to leave the precipitate at the bottom of the original container
When to use: When there is presence of a precipitate that is of much greater density than the solution

8. Decanting (cont.)
Accuracy: Poor/Rough- usually a small amount of solution is left behind, usually used as a first step in separation

9. Filtering Definition: A separation technique using a filter to:
remove particles that are suspended in a solution
physically block certain substances from passing through while allowing others to pass easily (e.g. a coffee filter)
The liquid resulting after a filtration is called the filtrate

10. Filtering (cont.) When to Use: Accuracy:
When a solid is present in a solution but is too fine, small or not a higher density than the liquid to allow for decanting.
These solutions usually are cloudy in appearance.
Accuracy:
Medium- Very successful in removing fine solid particulates from liquid (or gaseous) mediums but some liquid stays with the particles on the filter
Some particles may also pass through the filter depending on its thickness/pore size

11. Distillation:
Definition: A separation method that separates homogeneous mixtures by using the difference in boiling points of the different parts.
As the component with the lowest density begins to boil first, the resulting gas can be collected, cooled, condensed and the separated liquid collected.

12. Distillation (cont.) When to Use:
When a solution has little to no visible particulates
When the presence of micro-organisms is suspected
When there is a need to separate two liquids in solution
Accuracy: Good- Since you are boiling the solution you are killing micro-organisms as well as removing dissolved solids, and separating liquids with different boiling points