1. Key Area 2.6 Transport systems- animals

2. The Blood Learning Intention: describe the components of blood.
describe the structure and function of red blood cells
Success Criteria:
state that in mammals the blood contains plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells.
State that blood transports nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Describe how red blood cells are specialised for their function.

3. Starter

4. Starter C D E

5. Skills for life, learning and work:
Literacy, Numeracy, HWB:
I can make notes and organise them to develop my thinking, help retain and recall information, explore issues and create new texts, using my own words as appropriate.
LIT 3-15a / LIT 4-15a
Using what I know about the features of different types of texts, I can find, select, sort, summarise, link and use information from different sources.
LIT 3-14a / LIT 4-14a
Skills for life, learning and work:
Becoming confident in new biological terms
Identifying information from video links
Listening

6. Animal Transport
In mammals the transport and exchange of nutrients and gases occurs through out the body.
To allow this to occur the mammalian body has a complex network of transport pathways.
The three main body systems we’ll focus on are the Circulatory, Respiratory and Digestive systems.
Do you know what each of these systems do??

7. Circulatory system
The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels.
Its purpose is to transport blood around the body.

8. Blood Composition Blood is made up of three main parts: plasma
red blood cells
white blood cells
Plasma is the liquid part of blood that carries many substances such as nutrients and carbon dioxide.

9. The Blood
The Blood

10. Red blood cells- The transport of oxygen
Oxygen is carried by red blood cells by binding to a protein molecule called haemoglobin.
This forms oxyhaemoglobin.
Twig - Haemoglobin
Copy diagram of the haemoglobin

11. Transport of oxygen
The structure of a red blood cell aids its ability to carry oxygen.
It has a biconcave shape increasing surface area.
They have no nucleus so they can contain more haemoglobin and therefore able to carry more oxygen.
This allows them to transfer oxygen more efficiently in the form of oxyhaemoglobin.

12. In the lungs: Oxygen + haemoglobin -> oxyhaemoglobin
In the body cells:
Oxyhaemoglobin -> oxygen + haemoglobin

13. Red blood cells
Red blood cells

14. Exit task
What substance is produced in the lungs when oxygen binds to a red blood cell?

15. The Blood Learning Intention: describe the components of the blood.
Success Criteria: state that in mammals the blood contains plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells.
State that blood transports nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Describe how red blood cells are specialised for their function.

16. Starter activity List the 3 components of the blood
State how a red blood cell is adapted for its function.
Red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma.
Biconcave in shape, no nucleus and contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen.

17. White Blood Cells
Learning Intention: to understand how white blood cells are part of the immune system
Success Criteria: State that white blood cells are involved in destroying pathogens.
State that there are two types of white blood cells- phagocytes and lymphocytes.
State that phagocytes carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens. Some lymphocytes produce antibodies which destroy pathogens.
State that each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen.

18. Skills for life, learning and work:
Literacy, Numeracy, HWB:
I make full use of and value the opportunities I am given to improve and manage my learning and, in turn, I can help to encourage learning and confidence in others.
HWB 3-11a / HWB 4-11a
I am aware of the need to respect personal space and boundaries and can recognise and respond appropriately to verbal and non-verbal communication.
HWB 3-45b / HWB 4-45b
Skills for life, learning and work:
Becoming confident in new biological terms
Identifying information from video links
Interpersonal and communication skills
Creativity
Listening

19. Right’s Respecting School: UN Convention of the Right’s of a Child
Article 17: Every child has the right to reliable information from the media. This should be information that children can understand. Governments must help protect children from materials that could harm them.
Research hwk- causes and types of diabetes, what it is etc.

20. White blood cells
White blood cells are part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens (disease causing organisms).
There are two main types of white blood cells:
Lymphocytes
Phagocytes

21. White blood cells
White blood cells

22. Phagocytes

23. Phagocytes Phagocytes carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens.
This destroys the pathogen by digesting it with enzymes. They are not specific to any particular pathogen.

24. Lymphocytes

25. Lymphocytes
Some lymphocytes produce antibodies which destroy pathogens.
Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen.

26. Matching pathogens and antibodies

27. Lymphocytes- memory cells
Lymphocytes will remember how to produce antibodies for each different pathogen.
This means that if someone ever is under attack by the same pathogen again, they will remember how to make the antibodies and will build up an army of lymphocytes very quickly.

28. Describe what is going on in this graph and explain why.

29. The first exposure to an antigen will take the lymphocyte some time to produce fewer antibodies.
The lymphocytes will make a lot more antibodies very quickly on the second exposure to the antigen.

30. Activity
Using the success criteria below, in small groups and on a large show me board demonstrate the main stages of phagocytosis and antibody production.
Success criteria:
You must show all of the stage in phagocytosis and give a clear explanation of what is happening.
You must give a clear description of what is happening during the production of antibodies.
Words to include in your descriptions:
Lymphocyte, phagocyte, pathogen, engulf, digest, antibodies, antigens
Now complete the worksheet to describe the stages of how phagocytes and lymphocytes destroy pathogens.

32. Right’s Respecting School: UN Convention of the Right’s of a Child
Article 15: Every child has the right to meet with other children and to join groups and organisations, as long as this doesn’t stop other people from enjoying their rights.
Research hwk- causes and types of diabetes, what it is etc.

33. Phagocyte moves towards the pathogen
Phagocytes Engulf Microbes 1.
Description
Phagocyte moves towards the pathogen 2.
Description
Phagocyte flows around/ engulfs the pathogen 4.
Description
Pathogen is destroyed. Its components are used or disposed of by the cell 3.
Description
Phagocyte makes enzymes which “digest”the pathogen

34. Lymphocytes make Antibodies
Description
Lymphocyte moves toward the pathogen
Diagram
Description
Lymphocyte produces antibodies specific to pathogen
Diagram

35. Lymphocytes make Antibodies
Description
Antibodies attach to antigens on the surface of pathogen
Diagram
Description
Pathogen is destroyed
Diagram

36. Complete the table to compare phagocytes and lymphocytes

37. Phagocytes Lymphocytes
Complete the table to compare phagocytes and lymphocytes
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes
Not specific
Specific
Engulfs pathogen and digest with enzymes
Makes antibodies to match antigens on pathogens
Does not have a memory
Has a memory to remember pathogens

38. Exit task
On a post it note write down the names of both of the types of white blood cells.
List as many facts as you can about these.
Function of each can be discussed. Make brief note on coronary arteries supplying the heart with O2 and Nutrients for respiration as its always working.

39. White Blood Cells
Learning Intention: to understand how white blood cells are part of the immune system
Success Criteria: State that white blood cells are involved in destroying pathogens.
State that there are two types of white blood cells- phagocytes and lymphocytes.
State that phagocytes carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens. Some lymphocytes produce antibodies which destroy pathogens.
State that each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen.

40. Starter activity
On a show me board, write down the function of the heart.
To pump blood around the body.

41. The Heart
Learning Intention: to understand the role of the heart and label a diagram of all the main heart structures.
Success Criteria:
Describe the pathway of blood though the heart, lungs and body.
Label a diagram of the heart, including the valves and main blood vessels.
State the function of these parts.

42. Skills for life, learning and work:
Literacy, Numeracy, HWB:
I make full use of and value the opportunities I am given to improve and manage my learning and, in turn, I can help to encourage learning and confidence in others.
HWB 3-11a / HWB 4-11a
I am aware of the need to respect personal space and boundaries and can recognise and respond appropriately to verbal and non-verbal communication.
HWB 3-45b / HWB 4-45b
Skills for life, learning and work:
Becoming confident in new biological terms
Identifying information from video links
Interpersonal and communication skills
Creativity

43. Heart structure
The heart is made up of four chambers separated by valves.
These are the right and left, Atria and Ventricles.
The right hand side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood while the left side pumps oxygenated blood.
The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle as it has to pump blood all around the body. The right ventricle just has to pump blood to the lungs.
Lungs
Body

44. The Heart

45. The Heart Aorta Vena cava Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Right atrium
Left atrium
Valve
Valve
Valve
Valve
Left ventricle
Right ventricle

46. The Heart
The Heart

47. Pathway of blood
The pathway of blood through the heart, lungs and body follows the path shown in the diagram opposite.
You should be able to start at any point and name the chambers and blood vessels that the blood travels through.

48. Pathway of blood Lungs Body Pulmonary Artery Vena cava R. Atrium
R. Ventricle
Lungs
Body
Pulmonary Vein
Blood vessels in italics. Copy out pathway
Aorta
L. Ventricle
L. Atrium

49. The structure of the heart- class activity
You are now going to act as blood and move through the chambers of the heart and the 4 main blood vessels.
You will collect a red piece of card when you are oxygenated blood and a blue piece of card when you are deoxygenated blood.
(Teacher note: can be ordered from the technician)

50. Right’s Respecting School: UN Convention of the Right’s of a Child
Article 15: Every child has the right to meet with other children and to join groups and organisations, as long as this doesn’t stop other people from enjoying their rights.
Research hwk- causes and types of diabetes, what it is etc.

51. Heart Circulation – Ordering Task
Task: Cut out the statements and put them into the correct order. Ask your teacher to check before gluing into your notebook.

52. Answers
Blood arrives from the body in a vein called the vena cava. This blood is deoxygenated and enters the right atrium.
The right atrium then contracts. This pushes the blood through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle.
The right ventricle then contracts. This pushes the blood through the pulmonary valve and out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
Blood arrives back from the lungs in a vein called the pulmonary vein. This blood is oxygenated and enters the left atrium.
The left atrium then contracts. This pushes the blood through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle.
The left ventricle then contracts. This pushes the blood through the aortic valve and out through the aorta to the body.

53. Coronary arteries
The heart muscle itself needs a constant supply of oxygen.
The heart muscle is supplied with blood by the coronary arteries.
These are the arteries that get blocked when someone has a heart attack.
Coronary artery

54. Heart Dissection Pig heart dissection- Heart Dissection
Dissection done using lambs heart more likely.

55. The Heart
Learning Intention: to understand the role of the heart and label a diagram of all the main heart structures.
Success Criteria:
Describe the pathway of blood though the heart, lungs and body.
Label a diagram of the heart, including the valves and main blood vessels.
State the function of these parts.

56. Starter How many chambers does the heart have?
What is the function of the heart?
3. Which ventricle is the thickest and why?
4. Which side of the heart is high in oxygen?
5. Give the name of the main artery leaving the heart.

57. Starter 1. How many chambers does the heart have? 4
2.What is the function of the heart?
To pump blood around the body
3. Which ventricle is the thickest and why?
The left, as it has to pump blood all around the body
4. Which side of the heart is high in oxygen?
The left side
5. Give the name of the main artery leaving the heart.
Aorta

58. Blood vessels
Learning Intention: to understand the structure and function of the 3 types of blood vessels.
Success Criteria:
Name the 3 types of blood vessels.
Describe the structure and the function of the 3 types of blood vessels.

59. Skills for life, learning and work:
Literacy, Numeracy, HWB:
I can make notes and organise them to develop my thinking, help retain and recall information, explore issues and create new texts, using my own words as appropriate.
LIT 3-15a / LIT 4-15a
When I engage with others I can make a relevant contribution, ensure that everyone has an opportunity to contribute and encourage them to take account of others’ points of view or alternative solutions.
LIT 4-02a
Skills for life, learning and work:
Becoming confident in new biological terms
Describe scientific terms in your own words
Interpersonal skills

60. Blood vessels There are three types of blood vessel found in the body.
Arteries- carry blood Away from the heart.
Veins- carry blood INto the heart.
Capillaries- Connect arteries and veins.
The main arteries and veins connected to the heart are the Aorta, Vena Cava, Pulmonary Arteries and Veins and the Coronary Arteries
Function of each can be discussed. Make brief note on coronary arteries supplying the heart with O2 and Nutrients for respiration as its always working.

61. Structure Artery Vein Capillary Type of blood vessel
Thick, muscular walls, a narrow central channel and carry blood under high pressure away from the heart.
Vein
Thinner walls, wider channel and carry blood under lower pressure back towards the heart. Contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
Capillary
Thin walled and have a large surface area, forming networks at tissues and organs to allow efficient exchange of materials

62. Arteries, veins and capillaries

63. Exit task

64. Exit task
To stop backflow of blood. P M

65. Taboo!
Task:
Create 5 Taboo! Cards from this key area, for another team to use.
Artery
Away
Blood
Vein
Word you have to get your team to guess
Words you are not allowed to say

66. Blood vessels
Learning Intention: to understand the structure and function of the 3 types of blood vessels.
Success Criteria:
Name the 3 types of blood vessels.
Describe the structure and the function of the 3 types of blood vessels.

67. Multicellular Organisms N5 Key Area 6
Past Paper Practice
National 5
Multicellular Organisms
N5 Key Area 6

68. 1

69. 1

70. 2

71. 2

72. 3

73. 3

74. 4

75. 4

76. 5

77. 5

78. 6

79. 6

80. 7

81. 7
Vein
Artery
They have thinnest/thinner wall(s)

82. 8

83. 8
Coronary artery/arteries

84. 10

85. 10
11:7

86. 11

87. 11 Oxygen/nutrients/glucose/amino acids Reduce/stop smoking
Reduce fat in diet/cholesterol in diet/salt intake/sugar intake/ alcohol intake/stress
Lose weight/healthier diet/ healthier eating

88. 12

89. 12

90. 13

91. 13 Comparison of: Thickness of walls Muscularity of walls
Presence and absence of valves
Size of channel for blood flow
Carries oxygen