1. Early Chinese civilizations
SSWH2.C,D

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In 1976, archaeologists discovered the tomb of Lady Hao. She was a queen and military leader of the Shang Dynasty. She died around 1200BCE. What can you infer (hypothesize) about the Shang Dynasty from the artifacts found in the tomb?

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Basin from Lady Hao’s Tomb

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Jade Tiger from Lady Hao’s Tomb

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Remains from Lady Hao’s Tomb

6. I. Geography

7. II. Shang dynasty 1700 BCE – 1027 BCE Class-based society
Large, walled cities with nobles living inside the walls and peasants living outside.
Written language
Shang Dynasty was the first in China to develop writing
Each word = different character
Only the wealthiest would have been literate

8. III. Zhou Dynasty Replaced the Shang Dynasty in 1027 BCE.
The Zhou adopted most of Shang culture, so daily life in China didn’t change with the Dynasties.

9. III. A. Mandate of heaven
Used by the Zhou as a reason for overthrowing the Shang Dynasty
The Shang had been bad leaders
So, god took away their right to lead
God gave that right to Zhou
A just leader had god’s approval – known as the “Mandate of Heaven”

10. III. B. Dynastic Cycle
Strong dynasty provides peace and wealth, so it claims to have the “Mandate of Heaven”
Wealth declines, leaders become corrupt then lose trust and power
Natural disasters occur (floods, famines, revolts)
People think the Dynasty has lost the “Mandate of Heaven”
New Dynasty leads rebellion and gains control

11. III. C. Feudalism Kings had all the power and owned all the land
They gave use of the land to noble families
Peasants worked for the nobles
Everyone depended on the king for land and protection

12. IV. The “warring states period”

13. IV. A. Decline of the zhou dynasty
Towards the end of the Zhou Dynasty, territorial leaders began to see themselves as kings.
They constantly fought with each other for power
This conflict weakened China

14. IV. B. Confucianism attempts to restore order in china
Who was Confucius?
A scholar who started a new ethical system (a belief of right and wrong)
The main idea of Confucianism:
Achieve stability through moral honor and well-ordered relationships

15. IV. B. Confucianism attempts to restore order in china
Five relationships that organized society:
1. Ruler and subject
2. Father and son
3. Husband and wife
4. Older brother and younger brother
5. friend and friend
Filial Piety: Respect given to parents and ancestors given by devoting one’s life to their parents and performing memorial rituals after their death
Bureaucracy: A trained civil service / education for government leaders. Education = better men.

16. Filial piety

17. IV. C. Legalism opposes the ideas of confucius
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A well-ordered society is achieved by good relationships and families
Education and ideas are good for society
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A well-ordered society is achieved by a powerful and efficient government
Punishments are good for order
Ideas should be controlled by the government
Confucianism
Legalism

18. V. Qin Dynasty

19. V. Qin Dynasty A. Legalism Establishes a Dynasty:
In 200 BC, Shi Huangdi used the ideas of Legalism to defeat many of the warring states and unify China under the Qin Dynasty
Burned books and had hundreds of Confucian scholars murdered

20. V. Qin Dynasty B. Shi Huangdi Builds the Great Wall of China
Peasant and slave labor was ordered to build a massive defensive wall along the Qin’s northern boarder

21. Great wall of china

22. Great wall of china

23. Great wall of china

24. Shi Huangdi’s Clay army

25. Shi Huangdi’s Clay army