1. PHED 3 Sport Psychology GROUP FORMATION
A2 PE
PHED 3
Sport Psychology
GROUP FORMATION

2. What is a group? How and why do groups form?
Group Success
What is a group?
How and why do groups form?

3. What is a group?
“Two or more individuals interacting with each other to be interdependent, have a social relationship and share a common objective.”

4. What is a group?
It is necessary that all 3 are met in order to be classified as a group...
Interdependence
Social Interaction
Common Objective
People at a bus stop have a common objective but limited social interaction- NOT a group
Crowd at a football match have a common objective and will socially interact but have no interdependence- NOT a group

5. Group Dynamics
Interactive processes within the group, important to know as a coach.
Norms (expectations)
Roles within group
Relationships between members
How the group develops
Need to belong to the group
Social influences on each other
Effects on member’s behaviour

6. How and why do groups form?
Tuckman’s Model
Suggests that groups go through a 4 stage cycle
During the cycle the group dynamics will be affected
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing

7. Forming Members get to know each other Find out the task or objective
Show respect for each other (not necessarily working together)
Coach tells group what to do

8. Storming
Team member compete with each other, alliances are formed and power struggles begin
Different types of leader emerge
Coach must help team through the stage
Difficult stage at which the team may fail

9. Norming
Team members agree on how to work together, rules develop and acceptable behaviour is defined.
Development of trust and ability to accept criticism
Leaders emerge and take responsibility
Coach becomes less involved and acts as a consultant

10. Performing
Team works as a unit, high levels of interdependence and motivation
Experienced members are able to make decisions independently
Consultation and leadership is devolved but direction is accepted in times of need

11. The Model Groups can go back through the cycle New member to team
Change of captain/coach
Suggested that to improve and avoid complacency teams need to go back through the storming stage
A 5th stage called Mourning was introduced and happens after objective has been met (England RWC team)