1. Cellular Transport Review

2. WATER Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail WATER Figure 7.2
Figure 7.2 Phospholipid bilayer (cross section).

3. Phospholipid bilayer Hydrophobic regions of protein
Figure 7.3
Phospholipid bilayer
Figure 7.3 The original fluid mosaic model for membranes.
Hydrophobic regions of protein
Hydrophilic regions of protein

4. Figure 7.5
Fibers of extra- cellular matrix (ECM)
Glyco- protein
Carbohydrate
Glycolipid
EXTRACELLULAR SIDE OF MEMBRANE
Figure 7.5 Updated model of an animal cell’s plasma membrane (cutaway view).
Cholesterol
Microfilaments of cytoskeleton
Peripheral proteins
Integral protein
CYTOPLASMIC SIDE OF MEMBRANE

5. Lateral movement occurs 107 times per second.
Figure 7.6
Lateral movement occurs 107 times per second.
Flip-flopping across the membrane is rare ( once per month).
Figure 7.6 The movement of phospholipids.

6. Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails Saturated hydrocarbon tails
Figure 7.8
Fluid
Viscous
Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails
Saturated hydrocarbon tails
(a) Unsaturated versus saturated hydrocarbon tails
(b) Cholesterol within the animal cell membrane
Figure 7.8 Factors that affect membrane fluidity.
Cholesterol

7. (b) Enzymatic activity (c) Signal transduction
Figure 7.10a
Signaling molecule
Receptor
Enzymes
ATP
Figure 7.10 Some functions of membrane proteins.
Signal transduction
(a) Transport
(b) Enzymatic activity
(c) Signal transduction

8. (d) Cell-cell recognition (e) Intercellular joining
Figure 7.10b
Glyco- protein
Figure 7.10 Some functions of membrane proteins.
(d) Cell-cell recognition
(e) Intercellular joining
(f) Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM)

9. Receptor (CD4) but no CCR5 Co-receptor (CCR5) Plasma membrane
Figure 7.11
HIV
Receptor (CD4)
Receptor (CD4) but no CCR5
Co-receptor (CCR5)
Plasma membrane
Figure 7.11 IMPACT: Blocking HIV Entry into Cells as a Treatment for HIV Infections
HIV can infect a cell that has CCR5 on its surface, as in most people.
HIV cannot infect a cell lacking CCR5 on its surface, as in resistant individuals.

10. Transmembrane glycoproteins
Figure 7.12
Secretory protein
Transmembrane glycoproteins
Golgi apparatus
Vesicle ER
ER lumen
Glycolipid
Figure 7.12 Synthesis of membrane components and their orientation in the membrane.
Plasma membrane:
Cytoplasmic face
Transmembrane glycoprotein
Extracellular face
Secreted protein
Membrane glycolipid

11. Membrane (cross section)
Figure 7.13a
Molecules of dye
Membrane (cross section)
WATER
Figure 7.13 The diffusion of solutes across a synthetic membrane.
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Equilibrium
(a) Diffusion of one solute

12. (b) Diffusion of two solutes
Figure 7.13b
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Equilibrium
Figure 7.13 The diffusion of solutes across a synthetic membrane.
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Equilibrium
(b) Diffusion of two solutes

13. Lower concentration of solute (sugar) Higher concentration of solute
Figure 7.14
Lower concentration of solute (sugar)
Higher concentration of solute
Same concentration of solute
Sugar molecule
H2O
Selectively permeable membrane
Figure 7.14 Osmosis.
Osmosis

14. Hypotonic solution Isotonic solution Hypertonic solution
Figure 7.15
Hypotonic solution
Isotonic solution
Hypertonic solution
(a) Animal cell
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
Lysed
Normal
Shriveled
Cell wall
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
(b) Plant cell
Figure 7.15 The water balance of living cells.
Turgid (normal)
Flaccid
Plasmolyzed
Osmosis

15. 50 m Contractile vacuole Figure 7.16
Figure 7.16 The contractile vacuole of Paramecium caudatum.

16. (a) A channel protein Channel protein Solute Carrier protein Solute
Figure 7.17
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
(a) A channel protein
Channel protein
Solute
CYTOPLASM
Figure 7.17 Two types of transport proteins that carry out facilitated diffusion.
Carrier protein
Solute
(b) A carrier protein

17. EXTRACELLULAR FLUID [Na] high [K] low Na Na [Na] low CYTOPLASM
Figure
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
[Na] high
[K] low
Na
Na
CYTOPLASM
[Na] low
Na 1
[K] high
Figure 7.18 The sodium-potassium pump: a specific case of active transport.

18. EXTRACELLULAR FLUID [Na] high [K] low Na Na Na Na Na [Na] low
Figure
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
[Na] high
[K] low
Na
Na
Na
Na
Na
[Na] low
ATP
CYTOPLASM
Na P 1
[K] high 2
ADP
Figure 7.18 The sodium-potassium pump: a specific case of active transport.

19. EXTRACELLULAR FLUID [Na] high Na Na [K] low Na Na Na Na Na
Figure
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
[Na] high
Na
Na
[K] low
Na
Na
Na
Na
Na
Na
CYTOPLASM
[Na] low
ATP
Na P P 1
[K] high 2
ADP 3
Figure 7.18 The sodium-potassium pump: a specific case of active transport.

20. EXTRACELLULAR FLUID [Na] high Na Na [K] low Na Na Na Na Na
Figure
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
[Na] high
Na
Na
[K] low
Na
Na
Na
Na
Na
Na
CYTOPLASM
[Na] low
ATP
Na P P 1
[K] high 2
ADP 3 K
Figure 7.18 The sodium-potassium pump: a specific case of active transport. K P 4
P i

21. EXTRACELLULAR FLUID [Na] high Na Na [K] low Na Na Na Na Na
Figure
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
[Na] high
Na
Na
[K] low
Na
Na
Na
Na
Na
Na
CYTOPLASM
[Na] low
ATP
Na P P 1
[K] high 2
ADP 3 K
Figure 7.18 The sodium-potassium pump: a specific case of active transport. K K K P 5 4
P i

22. EXTRACELLULAR FLUID [Na] high Na Na [K] low Na Na Na Na Na
Figure
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
[Na] high
Na
Na
[K] low
Na
Na
Na
Na
Na
Na
ATP
CYTOPLASM
[Na] low
Na P P 1
[K] high 2
ADP 3 K
Figure 7.18 The sodium-potassium pump: a specific case of active transport. K K K K P 6 K 5 4
P i

23. Facilitated diffusion ATP
Figure 7.19
Passive transport
Active transport
Figure 7.19 Review: passive and active transport.
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
ATP

24. ATP   EXTRACELLULAR FLUID   H Proton pump H H H   H  H
Figure 7.20
ATP  
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID   H
Proton pump H H H   H  H
CYTOPLASM 
Figure 7.20 A proton pump.

25. Sucrose-H cotransporter
Figure 7.21
ATP H   H
Proton pump H H   H H H   H
Sucrose-H cotransporter
Diffusion of H
Figure 7.21 Cotransport: active transport driven by a concentration gradient.
Sucrose  
Sucrose

26. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Figure 7.22
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
Solutes
Pseudopodium
Receptor
Plasma membrane
Ligand
Coat proteins
Coated pit
“Food” or other particle
Coated vesicle
Figure 7.22 Exploring: Endocytosis in Animal Cells
Vesicle
Food vacuole
CYTOPLASM

27. Pseudopodium of amoeba
Figure 7.22a
Phagocytosis
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
Solutes
Pseudopodium of amoeba
Pseudopodium
Bacterium
1 m
Food vacuole
“Food” or other particle
An amoeba engulfing a bacterium via phagocytosis (TEM).
Figure 7.22 Exploring: Endocytosis in Animal Cells
Food vacuole
CYTOPLASM

28. Pinocytosis 0.5 m Plasma membrane
Figure 7.22b
Pinocytosis
0.5 m
Plasma membrane
Pinocytosis vesicles forming in a cell lining a small blood vessel (TEM).
Figure 7.22 Exploring: Endocytosis in Animal Cells
Vesicle

29. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Figure 7.22c
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Receptor
Plasma membrane
Coat proteins
Ligand
Coat proteins
Coated pit
0.25 m
Figure 7.22 Exploring: Endocytosis in Animal Cells
Coated vesicle
Top: A coated pit. Bottom: A coated vesicle forming during receptor-mediated endocytosis (TEMs).

30. Passive transport: Facilitated diffusion
Figure 7.UN01
Passive transport: Facilitated diffusion
Channel protein
Carrier protein
Figure 7.UN01

31. Figure 7.UN02
Active transport
Figure 7.UN02
ATP

32. 0.01 M sucrose 0.01 M glucose 0.01 M fructose
Figure 7.UN03
“Cell”
“Environment”
0.03 M sucrose 0.02 M glucose
0.01 M sucrose 0.01 M glucose 0.01 M fructose
Figure 7.UN03

33. (a) The structure of ATP
Figure 8.8a
Adenine
Phosphate groups
Ribose
Figure 8.8 The structure and hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
(a) The structure of ATP

34. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Figure 8.8b
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Energy
Figure 8.8 The structure and hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Inorganic phosphate
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
(b) The hydrolysis of ATP

35. Protein and vesicle moved
Figure 8.10
Transport protein
Solute
ATP
ADP
P i P
P i
Solute transported
(a) Transport work: ATP phosphorylates transport proteins.
Vesicle
Cytoskeletal track
ATP
ADP
P i
Figure 8.10 How ATP drives transport and mechanical work.
ATP
Motor protein
Protein and vesicle moved
(b) Mechanical work: ATP binds noncovalently to motor proteins and then is hydrolyzed.

36. Energy from catabolism (exergonic, energy-releasing processes)
Figure 8.11
ATP
H2O
Energy from catabolism (exergonic, energy-releasing processes)
Energy for cellular work (endergonic, energy-consuming processes)
Figure 8.11 The ATP cycle.
ADP
P i