1. Proteomics, oxidative stress and male infertility
Ashok Agarwal, Damayanthi Durairajanayagam, Jacques Halabi, Jason Peng, Monica Vazquez-Levin 
Reproductive BioMedicine Online 
Volume 29, Issue 1, Pages (July 2014)
DOI: /j.rbmo
Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Primary, secondary and tertiary forms of ROS and different types of free radicals.
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Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Model of the build up of oxidative stress in the semen. The model highlights the imbalance caused by accumulating ROS and depleting antioxidant, which brings about a state of oxidative stress. Various lifestyle and environmental factors along with testicular and seminal sources cause the generation of ROS. Antioxidants comprise both enzymatic and non-enzymatic types.
Reproductive BioMedicine Online  , 32-58DOI: ( /j.rbmo )
Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Overview of the general methods used for protein isolation and identification in seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Levels of oxidative stress (OS) in the semen sample are determined by measuring the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or the total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Protein separation can be performed using either 2D gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) or 2D differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Next, protein identification can be done using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) method. Isolated proteins are identified using tandem MS data analysis programs such as MASCOT or SEQUEST. Proteins of interest can be validated using Western blotting. Based on spectral counts, protein expression is quantified. Protein lists are generated and analysed using bioinformatics. Gene ontology (GO) is then used to determine the specific gene function in cellular pathways.
Reproductive BioMedicine Online  , 32-58DOI: ( /j.rbmo )
Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions