1. Roots, Stems, & Leaves

2. Growth Meristems: only plant tissue that produces new cells by mitosis
Apical meristem: at plant root or tip
Primary Growth: root and shoot tips
Secondary Growth: increase in width
Differentiation: cells develop into mature cells with specialized structures and functions

3. Plant Organs & Tissues Organs: roots, stems, & leaves Tissues
Dermal: outer covering
Vascular: transport system
Xylem: water
Phloem: food
Ground: cells between dermal & vascular

5. Roots Function Types Anchor Absorb water & nutrients
Protect against soil bacteria and fungi
Types
Taproot: dicots, reach water and store starches; carrots
Fibrous Root: monocots, prevent erosion of topsoil; grass

6. Taproot Fibrous Root

7. Stems Functions Monocot: vascular bundles are scattered
Produce leaves, branches, & flowers
Hold leaves up to sunlight
Transport between roots & leaves
Monocot: vascular bundles are scattered
Dicot: vascular bundles are around the edges

8. Monocot Dicot

9. Stems Wood: xylem Bark: phloem Heartwood: in center; inactive; darker
Sapwood: active in fluid transport; lighter
Bark: phloem

10. Leaves Functions: Photosynthesis
Transpiration: loss of water through leaves
Gas Exchange: O2 & CO2
Stomata: pore allowing gas exchange
Guard Cell: control the opening and closing of stomata