1. Properties of Seawater
Density and Pressure

2. CORRECTION: Residence time
the average time a component spends in a system.
C = total amount
r = the removal rate (units of [C]/time)

3. Pressure in the Ocean

4. Pressure in the Ocean
Hydrostatic Equation
Hydrostatic Balance

5. TEMPERATURE
SALINITY
DENSITY

7. SALINITY

8. Vertical Structure of Temperature

9.  Thermohaline Circulation
Vertical circulation driven by density
 Thermohaline Circulation

10. DENSITY: controls the movement and stability of the ocean water masses
Equator
Salinity
North
South
Temperature
DENSITY: controls the movement and stability of the ocean water masses

11. Density: amount of mass per unit volume
Units: kg m-3
Linear Equation for “in situ” Density

13. Histogram of TS in the World Ocean
Temperature
Salinity

15. OCEAN
WATER
MASSES

16. TS Diagram
Temperature
Salinity

17. A different way to express density

18. Distribution of T and S in the Ocean

19. Tracking Water Masses on TS diagrams

20. Tracking Water Masses on TS diagrams

21. Diabatic exchanges with the atmosphere at the surface
T1 S1
T2 S2
Adiabatic changes and Mixing in ocean interior

23. Worlds ocean
Water Masses

24. Additional things to keep in mind:
the equation of density is not linear
water is slightly compressible

25. Density is actually a non-linear function of Temperature, Salinity and Pressure

27. Taking into account compressibility effects
Potential Temperature

28. Taking into account compressibility effects
Potential Density

30. next time we will talk about
MIXING in the OCEAN