1. CCGPS
SB3. Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems.
a. Explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.
We will discuss:
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation

2. Assessments Quizzes Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Project
Fermentation
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Project

3. We are going to… work in the classroom and the computer lab take notes
complete our homework
learn!!!!!

4. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Project
Design a project that will show information about photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the connections between the two.
Can create one of the following:
Children’s Storybook
Song
Recipe
Play
Prezi
Required to create a handout and present final product

5. Photosynthesis Sections 4.2-4.3
The overall process of photosynthesis produces sugars that store chemical energy.
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6. Overview All energy on earth comes from the sun. We depend on: Plants
Algae (underwater plants)
Cyanobacteria (photosynthetic bacteria)
To provide this energy to us!

7. Overview

8. Overview Photosynthetic organisms are producers.
Producers make their own source of chemical energy.
Plants use photosynthesis and are producers.
Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight to make sugars.

9. Overview Carbon dioxide and water are taken in by plants
Plants absorb light energy and convert it to a usable form.
ATP
Energy is used to “fix” carbon dioxide into sugar molecules
Chemical energy
Sugar is converted to starch and stored for use by the plant, and by animals when they eat plants.

10. Chlorophyll Chlorophyll is a molecule that absorbs light energy.
chloroplast
Chlorophyll is a molecule that absorbs light energy.
In plants, chlorophyll is found in organelles called chloroplasts.
leaf cell
leaf

11. Plants are green because of the pigment chlorophyll
Plants are green because of the pigment chlorophyll. (which absorbs light energy)
During the fall, the green chlorophyll pigments are greatly reduced revealing the other pigments, this is the reason leaves turn brown in the fall.
Carotenoids are pigments that are either red or yellow.

12. Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of chloroplasts.
stroma
grana (thylakoids)
Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of chloroplasts.
grana (thylakoids)
stroma

13. Chloroplasts Have TWO membranes A “bi-bilayer!”
The inner membrane is called the thylakoid.
The thylakoid is folded and looks like stacks of coins called granum (grana=singular).
The stroma is the space surrounding the granum.
Image source:

14. Chloroplasts
Chlorophyll molecules are embedded in the thylakoid membrane
Act like a light “antenna”
These molecules can absorb sunlight energy.
Image from Biology 11: College Preparation. Pg 73. Nelson, Toronto

15. Light (dependent)Reactions
Happen ONLY in sunlight
Hence they depend on light!
Water is also required
Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules in the thylakoid
The energy generates molecules of ATP (ADP converted to ATP)
Convert NADP+ to NADPH (Electron Carriers)-Energy then goes to Light Independent reaction
4. Produce Oxygen (O2) gas

16. Light (dependent)Reactions
Image from: Biology 11: College Preparation. Pg 74. Nelson, Toronto

17. Light (dependent)Reactions

18. Light Independent Reactions (formerly the “dark reactions”)
Happen in sunlight, and in the dark.
Hence “independent of light”
Makes sugars
Takes place in the stroma.
CO2 enters from the atmosphere
ATP generated by sunlight drives the Calvin Cycle.
Monosaccarides (eg. glucose) are manufactured in the cycle.
Monosaccarides are used to “build” polysaccharides (eg. Starch).

19. Light Independent Reactions (formerly the “dark reactions”)
Image from: Biology 11: College Preparation. Pg 74. Nelson, Toronto

20. Light Independent Reactions (formerly the “dark reactions”)

21. Overall Reaction What is the equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen + energy
6CO H2O  C6H12O O2 + energy

22. 1 2 4 3 granum (stack of thylakoids) chloroplast sunlight 6H2O 6O2
C6H12O6
granum (stack of thylakoids)
thylakoid
sunlight
1 six-carbon sugar
6H2O
6CO2
6O2
chloroplast 1 2 4 3
energy
stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)

23. Light Dependent Reactions
H2O
CO2
Sun
LIGHT
Light Dependent Reactions
Calvin Cycle
CHLOROPLAST O2
Sugars

24. Factors that affect the rate of Photosynthesis are…
Availability of Water
Temperature
Intensity of Light
Concentration of CO2