1. Journal What fuels change?
Is it possible for one person to create change/reform? why or why not?
What fuels change?
Political, economic, religious, social, artistic, or intellectual

2. The Reformation

3. Social
The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the church
The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church

4. Political
Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe
Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority

5. Economic
European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth
Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the church

6. Religious Some church leaders had become corrupt
Many people found church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable

7. Indulgences
Issued by the Church to reduce or even cancel punishment for a person’s sin
as long as one also truly repented.
Purchased as assurance of admission to heaven, relief from future guilt or for the salvation of dead relatives.

8. Person commits a sin
Person seeks forgiveness for sin and does some type of good deed as an external display of sincerity (penance)
Sins that have not been properly repented can lead to more time in purgatory
Purchasing an indulgence released a sinner from performing the penance that a priest imposed for sin

10. Early Reformers John Wycliffe (1328-1384) England, Oxford Theologian
Claims:
No basis in scripture to support papal authority
Bible as the sole authority
Rejected all practices not in scripture
Pilgrimage
veneration of saints
sacraments

11. Early Reformers Jan Hus (1374-1415) Bohemia (Czech)
Chancellor of the University of Prague
Attacked corrupt clergy and power of the pope
Gained some political support
Called to the Council of Constance to discuss ideas
Arrested and burned at the stake for heresy

12. Martin Luther

13. Lightening Strikes the ground near Luther and he cries out
In 1505, returning to university from a trip home, Luther gets caught in a thunderstorm
Lightening Strikes the ground near Luther and he cries out
"Help me, St. Anne!”
"I will become a monk!"

14. Criticism of the Catholic Church
The Popes
Patronized the arts
Spent on personal pleasure
Fought wars
Too busy pursuing wordily affairs rather than spiritual duties

15. The 95 Theses Took a public stand against a friar, Johann Tetzel.
Formal statement attacking “pardon- merchants”
His words were printed and started to spread over Germany
Many believe this is what started the Reformation

16. Main Ideas 1. People could only win salvation by faith
Church said that faith and good works were needed
2. Church teachings should be clearly connected to the Bible
Luther said Pope was a false authority
3. All people with faith were equal
Did not need priests to interpret for them

17. Many saw Luther’s protest as a way to challenge the church.
Luther was threatened with excommunication
Holy Roman Emperor also opposed Luther
Brought to trial, refused to recant his statements

18. Edict of Worms Luther declared an outlaw and heretic
No one could give Luther food or shelter
All his books were to be burned
Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony disobeyed
Gave Luther shelter
Translated the New Testament into German
Instead of continuing to seek reform, Luther and followers became a separate religious group… Lutherans

19. Peasant Revolt Christian Freedom - wanted an end to serfdom
Raided monasteries
Pillaging and burning
Made Luther angry
German princes crushed the revolt
Killing 100,000 people
Peasants felt betrayed and rejected Luther

20. Conflicting ideas in Germany Some shared Luther’s belief
Liked the ideas for selfish reasons
Good excuse to seize church property and gain independence from Charles V
Loyal to the Pope and against Luther
Support Luther and signed protest
Protestants
Non Catholic Churches

21. Religion Brochures
Your table group will be assigned a religion from the Reformation time period.
You may work together, but everyone must create their own brochure
Use the textbooks and ipads to help gather information
You will be sharing these with your peers in class on Thursday.

22. LUTHER

23. Group talk:
**In your groups please discuss the following questions. It may be helpful to write down a few notes as we will be discussing this as a whole class.
Is it possible for one person to create change/reform? why or why not?
What is the most effective way to create change? What tools are necessary? Explain.
What fuels change?
Political, economic, religious, social, artistic, or intellectual
Is technology necessary for social change? Explain what role it plays.

24. Peace of Augsburg
Charles V (Catholic) went to war against the Protestant Princes
Won the war, but could not convert them back to Catholicism
All rulers agreed that each ruler would decide the religion of his state

25. War of the Roses
Started in England at the end of the 100 Years War – basically 35 years of English Civil War
Two Houses, York and Lancaster, fought (Red Rose Lancaster, White Rose York)
Begins when Henry IV (Bolingbroke) overthrows Richard II
Later Richard III kills everyone including his two nephews to become king….
…Only to lose it to Henry Tudor (Henry VII) at the Battle of Bosworth field

26. Early Tudors
Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York to unite the two families and end of the War of the Roses
He his a good king, keeps England out of war (save taking out Ireland) and builds up the state’s treasury, paying back debt and then amassing wealth
He has a charming son named Henry VIII

27. Henry VIII At first, Henry is against the protestant movement
Befriends the pope until there is a problem with his succession
Henry wanted a male heir, but his only surviving child was a girl (Mary Tudor)
Henry asks the pope for an annulment, but the pope refuses
Divorce was not permitted in the Catholic Church
Pope had ties with Catherine’s cousin, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

28. Act of Supremacy (1534)
Henry turns against the pope and passes the Act of Supremacy (approved by parliament)
The Act made everyone swear an oath recognizing Henry’s divorce and accepting him, not the pope, as the head of the English Church.
Thomas More refused to take the oath and was eventually executed

29. Changes in the Church of England
At first Henry changed very little, but eventually these changes took place
The Bible was written in English, services were in English.
Monasteries are looted and destroyed
The Church lost a lot of its sacraments.
The Church became very plain yet formal.
Prayers to saints were banned
Puritans formed

31. Board talk:
Is it possible for one person to create change/reform? why or why not?
What is the most effective way to create change? What tools are necessary? Explain.
What fuels change?
Political, economic, religious, social, artistic, or intellectual
Is technology necessary for social change? Explain what role it plays.