1. N. Chin Lai An abbreviated version of Living Oceans nclai@ucsd.edu

2. 220k

3. Upgrade

4. World on the Edge Lester Brown

5. Mission for Cluster 3 - to save humanity -
“Civilizations exist by geological consent, subject to change without notice” .

6. Mission for Cluster 3 - to save humanity -
Human activities and our impact on the environment have inadvertently been changing climate.

7. Food Shortages

8. Anthropogenic Impacts
1.1 Agriculture
1.1.1 Fishing
1.1.2 Irrigation
1.1.3 Meat production
1.1.4 Palm oil

9. Anthropogenic Impacts
1.2 Energy industry
1.2.1 Biodiesel
1.2.2 Coal mining and burning
1.2.3 Electricity generation
1.2.4 Nuclear power
1.2.5 Oil shale industry
1.2.6 Petroleum
1.2.7 Reservoirs
1.2.8 Wind power

10. Anthropogenic Impacts
1.3 Manufactured products
1.3.1 Cleaning agents
1.3.2 Nanotechnology
1.3.3 Paint
1.3.4 Paper
1.3.5 Pesticides
1.3.6 Pharmaceuticals and personal care products

11. Anthropogenic Impacts
1.4 Mining
1.5 Transport
1.5.1 Aviation
1.5.2 Roads
1.5.3 Shipping
1.6 War

12. A 44 year measurement of carbon dioxide
60% increase in those years over the base year of 1958
a 1.36% average yearly increase over four decades

13. Water Management

14. Right Planet
Not too big or small: gravity
Plate tectonics
Molten metallic core
Right Location
Not too far or near the Sun
Modest size sun: 109 yrs
Right Time
Modern atmosphere
KT extinction

15. Climate System

17. Population Growth

18. What is Oceanography? The scientific study of the ocean and its inhabitants
Subdisciplines
Marine geology & geophysics
Marine chemistry or chemical oceanography
Physical oceanography
Biological oceanography & marine biology
Applied ocean science or ocean engineering
Marine policy and laws
Marine Biology, Marine Ecology and Biological Oceanography?
Marine Biology – the biology & physiology of marine organisms
Marine Ecology – interaction of organisms with their environment & mass or energy cycles within ecosystem
Biological Oceanography – interdisciplinary ecological discipline; focused on the ecology of the ocean, the interaction between organisms and their environment with aspects of marine chemistry, geology and physics 

19. SIO Fisheries Chemical oceanography Ocean Engineering
Marine geology
Marine geophysics
Chemical oceanography
Physical oceanography
Marine policy and laws
Biological oceanography
Marine biology
Ocean Engineering
SIO
Marine Chemistry
Applied ocean science
Fisheries

20. Show me the !
2009
                                                                                                                                                            
Anymore than this won’t buy more happiness

21. Water: elixir of Life
75% body
85% brain
92% blood

22. Callisto: Jupiter
Ganymede: Jupiter
Moon
Enceladus: Saturn
Mars
Venus
Practically almost all heavenly bodies have some form of water

23. Outer layer of around 100 km thick vs 4000m average ocean depth

25. Five Kingdoms vs 3 Domains
Ingestion
Photosynthesis
Absorption
Phylogeny: RNA
Carl Woese, 1990
Robert Whittaker, 1969

26. Classifications Linnaeus 1735 2 kingdoms Haeckel 1866 3 kingdoms
Chatton 1925 2
Groups
Copeland kingdoms
Whittaker kingdoms
Woese et al
kingdoms
Woese et al
Domains
(not treated)
Protista
Prokaryote
Monera
Eubacteria
Bacteria
Archaebacteria
Archaea
Eukaryote
Eukarya
Vegetabilia
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia

27. How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed - Ecocide > nuclear war or emerging disease – Ignorance and Arrogance
Deforestation & habitat destruction
Tropical forest gone in 30 yrs – 50 million acres/yr
Soil problems (erosion, salinization, fertility)
Water management
Overhunting & overfishing
Effects of introduced species on native species
Human population growth
Increased per-capita impact of people
Human-caused climate change
Toxic chemical buildup
Don’t flush medicine
Energy shortages
Full human utilization of the Earth’s photosynthetic capacity
1 acre up to the 90 yard line

28. Oceanic vs Continental Islands

29. Continental Drift : Plate Tectonics
Capt. Robert Scott