1. Traditional approach Reproduced teacher and teaching
Teacher is the centre of education
Partially competent teacher
Standard teaching style
Teaching is to transfer knowledge
Teaching is a disciplinary, delivering, training, and socialising process
Achieving standards in examinations
Teaching is a transfer and application process

2. OBE New approach Individual teacher and teaching
Teacher is the facilitator to support students’ learning
Multiple intelligence teacher
Individualised teaching style
Teaching is to arouse curiosity
Teaching is a process to initiate, facilitate, and sustain students’ self-learning and self-actualisation
Sharing joy with students
Teaching is a life-long learning process

3. Traditional approach School-bounded teacher and teaching
Teacher as the sole source of teaching and knowledge
Separated teaching
Site-bounded teaching
Limited opportunities for teaching
Teacher with only school experiences

4. OBE New approach Localised and globalised teacher and teaching
Multiple local and global sources of teaching and knowledge
Networked teaching
World-class teaching
Unlimited opportunities for teaching
Teacher with local and international outlook
As a world class and networked