1. Earth’s Energy Balance

2. Energy can be transferred from one place to another by four methods:
1. Conduction: the transfer of energy through the collision of particles
Only occurs in solids
This is going make me sound really old but When grandma heats up a pot to make popcorn.
Atoms inside the steel of the pot start out still but as they heat up they are becoming energized they start vibrating and bouncing around and crashing into each other

3. 2&3. Convection and advection: the transfer of energy by the movement of particles in a fluid.
Note: a fluid is either a liquid (water) or a gas (atmosphere)
Focus on mediums and particles
Convection – vertical movement - Heat causes the particles to heat up and the warmer particles rise and the cooler fall… think of a hot day and a pool, think of how hot it is in your attic
Convection always transfers heat in the vertical plane. This movement is driven by variations in the medium's density and, therefore, buoyancy. Heated particles expand, causing them to decrease in density; these particles become more buoyant than surrounding particles, causing them to rise. As they rise, their heat is transferred to cooler portions of the medium located above them. Advection - An example of advection is the transport of pollutants or silt in a river by bulk water flow downstream.
This type of heat transfer is not powered by variations in density, but rather requires an outside force, such as wind or currents, to displace the particles of the medium. As the particles move horizontally into systems that are hotter or colder, heat is transferred.
Example fog.

4. 4. Radiation: transfer of energy by waves
The energy that reaches us from the Sun is by radiation!
Do not require a medium
Visible light is one example of the many forms of energy that can trvel though space.
Gamma rays and X-rays are used in the medical field. Gamma rays is used and what most people know as radiation
Infrared (IR) light is the part of the EM spectrum that people encounter most in everyday life, although much of it goes unnoticed. It is invisible to human eyes, but people can feel it as heat.
Electromagnetic spectrum is a bunch of different types of waves that travel at the speed of light.
Electromagnetic Spectrum

6. Which of the four transfer methods would you connect most with weather??

7. The portion of energy reflected depends on the albedo of the material.

8. Clean snow has a high albedo; it reflects a large portion of incoming energy.
Black soil has a low albedo; it absorbs more energy than it reflects.

9. What material would conduct heat better – water or soil and rocks?
Although water has a higher albedo it is also a better heat conductor. Water is what we would refer to as a good heat sink, meaning it can absorb energy and become warmer. Heat is conducted much quicker into water than it Is conducted into rocks and soil.
Also when we talk about a good heat sink we are in part referring to their heat capacity which is a measure of how much heat a substance requires before its temperature will increase.

10. Water is a better conductor and heat sink than land.
A heat sink is any substance that can absorb and retain a reservoir of energy without changing state.
Because of this, water has a HUGE influence on weather!