1. PRACTICE FRQ: Use the chart in order to evaluate your FRQ
PRACTICE FRQ: Use the chart in order to evaluate your FRQ. Highlight the areas where your written responses contain information outlined in the chart.
Patient Number
Diagnosis
Neurotransmitter Issue
Patient 1
Parkinson’s Disease
Dopamine deficiency =key role related to regulating movement, reward, focus, hallucinations, and delusions.. Most likely experiencing shakiness and difficulty in movement. Could have been brought on by environmental toxins including pesticides.
Patient 2
Problems with the central and peripheral nervous system, especially areas of the hindbrain, mood disorders
Norepinephrine excess = related to many areas of behavior. Might have excess energy, anxiety, depression, and panic attacks… mood may be greatly affected by this issue.
Patient 3
Inhibitory NT of CNS
-Huntington’s disease
-dementia
GABA excess = major inhibitory neurotransmitter, “nature’s valium”, might pass out, possibly looks drunk b/c has high amounts of GABA, impairment of motor & cognitive functions, seizures
Patient 4
Depression
Serotonin deficiency = low levels can lead mood problems, eating disorders, sleep disorders, depression.
Patient 5
Patient may have suffered a stroke or brain trauma
Glutamate excess = major excitatory neurotransmitter related to learning and memory. Too much glutamate can over-excite neurons and destroy them.
Patient 6
Patient is numb to pain
Endorphins excess= act like opiates, linked to pain control and pleasure center, reduces pain by inhibiting it. Patient is experiencing numbness to pain and feels pretty good, but could lose consciousness and possibly die if levels get too high.
Patient 7
Alzheimer’s Disease
Acetylcholine deficiency = related to parasympathetic nerv system, plays a role in memory, movement, arousal & attention. Patient probably has a lack of energy and all he wants to do is hang out and rest, can’t properly react to stressful situations. Patient is probably experiencing increased issues related to function of the hippocampus and, therefore, memory.

2. The Endocrine System the body’s “slow” chemical communication system
a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

3. Nervous System vs. Endocrine System
Both:
Regulate conditions in body
Use chemicals for communication
Nervous System
Chemicals = neurotransmitters
Nervous system secretes neurotransmitters into CNS
Signals sent in fractions of a second
Endocrine System
Chemicals = hormones
Endocrine system secretes hormones into blood stream
Chemicals can take many seconds to begin working, effects can last longer (hours, days)

4. Hormones are Specific
Only certain cells in the body can respond to hormones
In order for cells to respond they must have the hormone receptor molecule
Example:
Oxytocin= released by the pituitary gland
Acts on only 2 tissues, the breasts and uterus
Only under certain conditions
causes uterine contractions
causes breast tissue to produce milk

5. Pituitary Gland Controlled by the hypothalamus
Called the “master gland”
Releases hormones that regulate other glands
Key role in growth

6. anterior pituitary lobe releases hormones that regulate organs and other glands
posterior lobe regulates water and salt balance

7. Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
Regulate metabolism and calcium
Problems =
Hyperthyroidism – nervousness, tremors, hunger, weight loss, protruding eyes
Hypothyroidism – fatigue, weight gain, mental impairment

8. Adrenal Glands Important in stressful/emotional situations
Secretes cortisone, which speeds up metabolism
secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones

9. Pancreas Regulates sugar metabolism by producing insulin
Problems = diabetes, cancer, pancreatitis

10. Pineal Gland Connects endocrine syst with nervous syst
Releases melatonin
Problems = disruptive sleep

11. Gonads testicles or ovaries
Produce sex hormones: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
Problems = cancer, fertility issues

12. Happy November!!!

13. Endocrine System Tutorial Video
FL5Jnw
Watch first 7 minutes only