1. An Introductory Overview of Cells, Chemical Bonds & Energy Part-I
Lecture no.3
An Introductory Overview of Cells, Chemical Bonds & Energy Part-I
BCH 361/ Section: xxxxx
04/12/2018

2. What We Will Be Covering-I?
Lecture no.3
What We Will Be Covering-I?
What is a Cell?
The Two Types of Cells ?
The Exception?
The Organelles and Their Functions.
04/12/2018

3. What is a Cell? Cell came from Latin word mean small room.
Lecture no.3
Cell came from Latin word mean small room.
A cell is the functional and structural unit of all living organism.
The Cell Theory by the German botanist Matthias Jakob Schleiden and German physiologist Theodore Schwann.
04/12/2018

4. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells.
Lecture no.3
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
04/12/2018

5. Examples of Cells Lecture no.3 Plant Stem Amoeba Proteus Bacteria
Nerve Cell
04/12/2018
Red Blood Cell

6. Types of Cells Prokaryotic Unicellular Multi-cellular Bacteria Archaea
Lecture no.3
Prokaryotic
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotic
Unicellular
Protists
Multi-cellular
Fungi
Plants
Animals
04/12/2018

7. Prokaryotic Cells Characteristics Unicellular (some multi-cellular).
Lecture no.3
Characteristics
Unicellular (some multi-cellular).
Lacks a membrane bound nucleus.
Lacks membrane bound organelles.
Has a cell membrane (cell wall).
Has ribosomes (protein production).
Circular DNA.
04/12/2018

8. Eukaryotes Characteristics Unicellular (Protists).
Lecture no.3
Characteristics
Unicellular (Protists).
Multicellular (fungi, plants, animals).
Membrane bound Nucleus.
Contains Organelles.
Linear DNA.
Typical plant cell
Typical animal cell
04/12/2018

9. Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Lecture no.3
Types of Eukaryotic Cells
1. Somatic
Greek for “body’’
All cells in the body except the sex cells.
Found in the bones, skin, organs, tissues, blood.
Reproduce by Mitosis.
2. Germ
The Sex Cells.
Sperm and Ova.
Reproduce by Meiosis.
04/12/2018

10. Lecture no.3
Is there any exception ?
04/12/2018

11. The Exception: Viruses
Lecture no.3
Characteristics
Latin for “poison”.
Does not meet all the criteria of “Life”
Not made up of cells.
Contains DNA or RNA, but not usually both.
Require a host to replicate.
04/12/2018

12. Lecture no.3
Cell Parts
Organelles
04/12/2018

13. I- Surrounding the Cell
Lecture no.3
- Cell Membrane
- Cell wall
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell.
Place of communication with the environment and other cells.
“Gate of the Cell”.
Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria.
“Supports & protects cells”.
04/12/2018

14. II- Inside the Cell - Nucleus - Nuclear membrane Lecture no.3
First described by Robert Brown in 1831.
Largest organelle.
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane.
Contains genetic material – DNA.
“Control Center”
Double membrane bag that surrounds nucleus.
Contains nuclear pores which is place
of selective transport between cytoplasm and inside of nucleus (proteins, mRNA)
“Gate of the Nucleus”
04/12/2018

15. Continue… - Chromosomes - Nucleolus Lecture no.3 In nucleus.
Present in the form of strings of DNA and histones.
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics .
“Director of the Cell”
Inside nucleus.
The nucleolus plays an indirect role in protein synthesis by producing ribosomes.
Nucleolus is not a structure!!! Just a visible region.
04/12/2018

16. -Endoplasmic Reticulum
Continue…
Lecture no.3
- Cytoplasm
-Endoplasmic Reticulum
Gel-like material.
The portion of the cell enclosed by the cell membrane but not part of any organelle
It stores the organelles, water, and the chemicals in it.
“Area of Movement”.
The transportation center for the cell.
Smooth and rough types.
SER Site of fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis, While RER place of proteins synthesis
04/12/2018

17. Continue… - Ribosomes - Mitochondria Lecture no.3
Found in the cytoplasm and on the ER.
Their job is to make proteins.
The nucleus makes the ribosomes.
Place of oxidative metabolism and ATP production.
Contains its own DNA and
ribosomes.
“Powerhouse of the Cell”
04/12/2018

18. Continue… - Golgi Bodies - Lysosome Lecture no.3
Package and to move protein to the out side of the cell.
They also process proteins from ribosomes that are located on the ER.
Digest the wastes and other bad organelles.
Acidic organelles - low pH due to proton pump (pH=5) in the membrane.
Contain many degradative enzymes such as acid hydrolases.
04/12/2018

19. is a genetic defect in one of specific lysosomal hydrolases
Tay-Sachs disease :
is a genetic defect in one of specific lysosomal hydrolases
04/12/2018

20. Continue… - Vacuoles - Chloroplast Lecture no.3
The vacuole in the plant cell is larger than the vacuole in the animal cell.
Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal.
“Storage Tanks” .
Contains green chlorophyll.
Where photosynthesis takes place.
“Food Producers” .
04/12/2018

21. Summary
Lecture no.3
04/12/2018

22. See you later to continue with the second part of this module?
Lecture no.3
See you later to continue with the second part of this module?
04/12/2018