1. Physical Science Review #5
Solutions, Acids, Bases

2. Types of Mixtures Heterogeneous=different composition throughout
Suspension
Big Particles, Settle to the Bottom
Colloids & Emulsions
Small particles, don’t settle to the bottom
Homogeneous= same composition throughout
Solutions
Very small particles
Two parts:
Solute: What gets dissolved, smallest amount
Solvent: What does the dissolving, largest amount
Water is universal Solvent

3. Polarity Polar Molecules: everything is not shared equally
Non Polar Molecules: everything is shared equally
Polar dissolves polar
Nonpolar dissolves nonpolar
Water is Polar
Oil is Non-Polar

4. Saturation Unsaturated= not full, can add more solute
Saturated = Full, cannot add more solute
Supersaturated = more than full, can add more solute than normal because of more heat or pressure

5. Solubility Solubility = how well something dissolves into a liquid
Concentration = how much solute is dissolved in solution
Measured in Molarity (m)
Find Molarity by moles / Liters
Example: Find the molarity of a solution using 52 moles and 1500 mL.

6. Molarity Example #2
How many grams of NaF do you need to make 2 liters of a 3 M solution?

7. Acids & Bases Acids Bases Usually have H at beginning of formula
pH is below 7
Turn litmus paper red
Sour taste
Usually have OH at end of formula
pH is above 7
Turn litmus paper blue
Bitter taste
slippery

8. Weak vs Strong Strong = breaks into all ions (all things are charged)
Acid breaks into H+
Base breaks into OH-
Weak = NOT all into ions (some things remain as compounds)

9. Concentrated vs Dilute
Concentrated= A lot of stuff dissolved in solution
Dilute= Not a lot of stuff dissolved in solution

10. pH scale Ranges 1-14 Acids 0-below 7; bases above 7-14
Ex. How much more acidic is a pH of 2 than 5?

11. Calculating pH Examples:
Find the pH of a solution with an H+ concentration of M
Find the pH of solution with a H+ concentration of 1.0 x M
Find the pH of a solution if it contains moles and .006 L.

12. H+ concentration Find the H+ concentration if the pH is 5

13. Neutralization reactions
Acid + Base  Salt + Water
Does not always mean pH=7 but closer to 7
Equal amount of Strong Base + Strong Acid = pH 7
Equal amount of Strong Base + Weak Acid = pH >7
Equal amount of Weak Base + Strong Acid = pH <7