1. Texas and World War I
Chapter 21 Section 1

2. United States Troops Enter Mexico (pages 478–479)
In 1910, the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution concerned Texans.
Revolutionaries replaced dictator Porfirio Díaz with reformer Francisco Madero. Military dictator Victoriano Huerta had Madero shot.
Emiliano Zapata in the south of Mexico, and Pancho Villa in the north led armies of thousands of people to oppose Huerta and Carraza.

3. PANCHO VILLA

4. General John Pershing (left)

5. United States Troops Enter Mexico (pages 478–479)
President Wilson sent General John J. Pershing with troops from San Antonio to pursue Villa into Mexico.
Villa was not caught and American troops on Mexican soil angered Mexico.

6. The U.S. Enters World War I (page 479)
World War I began in 1914, but the United States remained neutral.
In 1917 German submarines sank ships carrying American passengers.
Germany promised to help Mexico regain its “lost territories” of Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico in exchange for its support. Wilson declared war on Germany in April 1917.

7. The Lusitania

8. Lusitania Headlines– NY Times

9. Texas Mobilizes for War (page 480)
The Army established training camps at Houston, Fort Worth, Waco, and San Antonio.
Camp Kelly, built in San Antonio, became the world’s largest flight training school.
About one-fourth of Texans serving were African Americans. Mexicans living in Texas were not required to serve because they were not citizens, but many volunteered.

10. The War Changes Soldiers (pages 480–481)
Many recruits from rural Texas received medical care for the first time and had never traveled outside the country before.
Education, training and travel made them eager to find better lives after they completed their service.
Texas women helped in the war effort as nurses, ambulance drivers, factory workers, and farmers.

11. WW I Nurses in France

12. At Home in Wartime (pages 481–482)
At home Texans bought war bonds and stamps to raise money for the war.
They also gave generously to the Red Cross and rationed food.
There was strong anti-German sentiment.
Some communities banned German music, and many high schools stopped teaching German.