1. BLOOD TYPES

2. On a cold day in 1667, a renegade physician named Jean Denis transfused calf's blood into one of Paris's most notorious madmen. In doing so, Denis angered not only the elite scientists who had hoped to perform the first animal-to-human transfusions themselves, but also a host of powerful conservatives who believed that the doctor was toying with forces of nature that he did not understand. Just days after the experiment, the madman was dead, and Denis was framed for murder. 
"A fast-paced and fascinating ride through a dark and devious period in science, Blood Work is a witty, insightful, and skillfully written book that sheds light on the mysterious story of blood transfusion." --Wendy Moore, author of The Knife Man
A riveting account of the first blood transfusion experiments in 17th-century Paris and London, Blood Work gives us a vivid glimpse of a particularly fraught period in history--a time of fire and plague, empire building and international distrust, when monsters were believed to inhabit the seas and the boundary between science and superstition was still in flux. Amid this atmosphere of uncertainty, transfusionists like Denis became embroiled in the hottest cultural debates and fiercest political rivalries of their day. As historian Holly Tucker reveals, transfusion's detractors would stop at nothing--not even murdering Denis's patient--to outlaw a practice that might jeopardize human souls, pave the way for monstrous hybrid creatures, or even provoke divine retribution. Taking us from the highest ranks of society to the lowest, from dissection rooms in palaces to the filth-clogged streets of Paris, Blood Work sheds light on an era that wrestled with the same questions about morality and experimentation that haunt medical science to this day.

3. Even animals have blood types
Austrian Karl Landsteiner discovered human blood groups
Even animals have blood types

4. Blood Type is Controlled by 3 Alleles
4 Possible Blood Types
Alleles: A, B, O
A & B are codominant
O is recessive

5. Genotypes

6. Consider Both Parents
Type A (genotype AA) x Type O (genotype OO)

7. Blood Type Antigens

8. Blood that has antibodies on it that is not recognized by the body will be attacked by your immune system
AB is the Universal Acceptor
O is the Universal Donor

9. Rh Factor
A person can either be Rh + or Rh –
(positive is dominant)

10. Rh Factor and Pregnancy
*Problem: When a fetus is Rh+ and the mother is Rh-, this can cause the mother’s immune system to attack the fetus. There are drugs that will suppress this reaction.

12. Blood Type Test

13. Blood Safety EXAMPLES OF BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS HEPATITIS B (HBV)
HEPATITIS C (HCV)
Other NON A, NON B HEPATITIS
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
MALARIA
OTHER POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS MATERIALS

14. TRANSMISSION
HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus are the viruses most likely to be transmitted via the following routes in an occupational setting:
needle stick / sharps injuries skin or eye contact mucous membrane and non-intact skin exposure to contaminated blood or other potentially infectious materials ( scratches, cuts, bites, or wounds )

15. Avoid Contact With Blood
Wear gloves
Dispose of items that have been contaminated (tissues, needles, bandaids) in biohazard containers
Do not “horse around”
Treat every person as if they may be carrying an infectious disease