1. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY FALL SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW

3. Unit 1 Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives
5-10% of the AP Exam

4. The 5 Themes Location Place Human/Environment Interaction Movement
Regions

5. The 5 Themes Location Place Human/Environment Interaction Movement
Absolute
Relative
Place
Human/Environment Interaction
Movement
Regions

6. The 5 Themes Location Place Human/Environment Interaction Movement
Toponyms- place names
Site- location based on characteristics
Situation- relative location
Human/Environment Interaction
Movement
Regions

7. The 5 Themes Location Place Human/Environment Interaction Movement
Migration
Communication, transportation, trade
Regions

8. The 5 Themes Location Place Human/Environment Interaction Movement
Regions
Formal
Functional
Perceptual

9. Scale
Small scale = small detail
Large scale= large detail

10. Large-scale
Small-scale

11. Important lines of latitude
Parallels are circular
lines used to indicate latitude
Equator: 0 degrees
Tropic of Cancer: 23.5 degrees North
Tropic of Capricorn:
23.5 degrees South
Arctic Circle:
66.5 degrees North
Antarctic Circle: 66.5 degrees South

12. important lines of longitude
Prime Meridian: 0 degrees (runs through Greenwich, England)
International Dateline:
180 degrees
Time Zones: every 15 degrees of longitude equals one hour

14. Time Zones http://www.timezonecheck.com/

15. Geographic Information System: a collection of computer hardware
and software that
permits storage and
analysis of layers of
spatial data.

16. Space-Time Compression, 1492-1962
The times required to cross the Atlantic, or orbit the earth, illustrate how transport
improvements have shrunk the world.

17. When contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears.
Distance Decay

18. Thematic Maps Dot Map Cartogram map Cloropleth map
Contour or Isoline map
Proportional symbol map
Flow line

19. World Population Cartogram

20. Space: Distribution of Features
Spatial Distribution—The regular arrangement of a phenomenon across Earth’s surface.
Three features
(1)Density
(2)Concentration
(3)Pattern

21. Diffusion
The process by which a characteristic spreads across space and over time
Hearth = source area for innovations
There are two main types of diffusion
(1)Relocation
(2)Expansion

22. The Cultural Landscape
A unique combination of social relationships and physical processes
Each region = a distinctive landscape
People = the most important agents of change to Earth’s surface

24. Unit 2 Population
13-17% of the AP Exam

25. Density Arithmetic Physiological Agricultural
Total pop/total land area
Physiological
Total pop/arable land
Agricultural
Farmers/arable land

26. Population Pyramids

27. 90% of all people live NORTH of the equator
2/3 of the world’s population is concentrated in four regions:
East Asia
South Asia
SE Asia
Western Europe

28. World Population Density

29. VIP Terms
CBR
CDR
IMR
TFR
NIR
Dependency Ratio
Demography

30. The Demographic Transition
Fig. 2-13: The demographic transition consists of four stages, which move from high birth and death rates, to declines first in death rates then in birth rates, and finally to a stage of low birth and death rates. Population growth is most rapid in the second stage.

31. REVIEW!

32. Theories of Population Growth
Thomas Malthus
1798
British economist
First critic to note that the population was growing faster than the food supply
Malthus (early 1800s) worried about population growing exponentially and resources growing linearly.
Ehrlich (1960s) warned of a population bomb because the world’s population was outpacing food production.

33. Exponential vs. Linear Growth
Population increases = GEOMETRIC
(exponential growth)
Food supply increases = ARITHMETIC
(linear growth)

34. Population Issues and Policies
Aging population
Overpopulation

35. Migration Immigration Emigration Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration
1885- British
Most migrants = young, unmarried, males
Most move to places that are close, to cities

36. Global Migration Patterns
From Asia to Europe
From Asia to North America
From South America to North America

37. INTERregional – between regions
INTRA-regional- within one region

38. U.S. Immigration Patterns (3)
Colonization
Emigration from Europe
Immigration since WWII

39. Unit 3 Cultural Patterns and Processes
13-17% of the AP Exam

40. Schools of Thought Environmental Determinism Possibilism
Environmental Perception
Cultural Determinism

41. Concepts of Culture Non-material vs material Acculturation
Assimiliation
Transculturation
Syncretism

42. Language Chinese = most spoken (as a first language)
Indo-European languages = 50% of languages spoken in the world
Tree Branch group language

43. Lingua franca
Dialect
Pidgin

45. Religion Universalizing Ethnic Christianity Islam Buddhism Jewish
Roman Catholicism
Eastern Orthodox
Protestant
Islam
Sunni
Shiite
Buddhism
Mahayana
Theravada
Jewish
Hinduism
Chinese Religions
Shintoism
Shamanism