1. READING A PAPER

2. Basic Parts of a Research Paper
Abstract
Introduction to Technology (background)
Tools & techniques/Methods used in current technology
Limitations/flaws/problems in current technology
Selection of one or more than one problem to solve the current limitation
Proposed solution
Results of proposed solution
Proposed Solution vs. Existing solution
Comparison of Results of proposed & existing solution
Results /discussions ,Outputs and recommendations
Conclusion
Future Work
References

3. Main Points to be Considered
What are the main questions to be answered by this work?
What are the papers which the author summarizes in that section?
How does the author comment on those previous researches?
Distinguish previous research and the reported study
Why is this work carried out?
Which gap will it fill?
What is the motive of doing that research?
Why this work is important?
How will it approach the solutions?
Exp. – Num.- Ana.- Theory.
What are the Promises of this work?
How it is verified?

4. Observations Get a clear picture of what was done at each step
Outline and sketch the instruments / procedures
Make notes of your questions
Some: technical
Other: more fundamental
Write down your reflection and criticism.
Look carefully at the figures, tables and Equations (heart of most papers)
What Researchers Did?
Understand each figure
Redraw it
Explain it in plain words
Discuss with others

5. Discussion
Very important as it includes conclusions drawn from the data
Reflection from author on the work
Its meaning in relation to other’s finding
Its meaning in relation to the field

6. Reflection & Criticisms
Summarize the paper
Draw your own conclusion
Keep track of your previous questions
See whether they have been answered
Raise more questions to be answered

7. Questions to be raised What is the overall purpose of the research?
INTRODUCTION
What is the overall purpose of the research?
How does the research fits into its field?
Show the validity of a new technique
Show agreements (How much you are agreed with the approach) for studying the problems in the presented way.

8. Methodology
Were the measurements appropriate for the questions the researcher was approaching?
If the answer is NO; ask why not...
Does s/he use indicators (substitute words or symbols)
Were the measures related to the variables?
Do the variables studied represent the problems?

9. Results What are major findings?
Was sufficient data presented to reach the objective?
Are there some patterns and trends which are not mentioned?
Were there any problems that should be addressed?

10. Discussion Do you agree with the conclusions?
Were conclusions over generalized?
Were conclusions over conservative?
Were conclusions carefully stated?
Are there other factors that could affect the results and the conclusions?
What further experiments you suggest to continue?
What further experiments you suggest to continue to answer remaining questions?

11. Any Questions ?