1. Plant Growth & Development
By: Johnny M. Jessup
Agriculture Teacher/FFA Advisor

2. Introduction
There are 6 plant processes that effect growth which are….
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Absorption
Transpiration
Translocation
Reproduction

3. Photosynthesis Process by which green plants manufacture food.
The beginning of the food chain for all living things on earth.

4. Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide and water are combined in the presence of light to make sugar and oxygen.
The Formula is….
6CO2 + 6H2O + 672Kcal C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon Dioxide Water Light Glucose Sugar Oxygen

5. Respiration
The process through which plant leaves, stems, and roots consume oxygen and give off carbon dioxide.
Plants produce much more oxygen through photosynthesis then they use through respiration.

6. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

7. Absorption
The process by which plant roots take in water, air, & nutrients and conduct them to the stem.

8. Transpiration
The process by which plants roots lose water from leaves and stems through evaporation.

9. Translocation
The process by which food and nutrients are moved within a plant from one plant part to another.
Water and minerals move from the roots up to the leaves and food moves from the leaves down to the roots.

10. Translocation

11. Reproduction
The plant process that increases plant numbers usually from seeds.

12. Plant Processes Photosynthesis Respiration Absorption Transpiration
Translocation
Reproduction

13. Plant Cell Growth

14. Plant Cells Are the basic unit of life.
Nucleus and a mass of protoplasm contained with a plasma membrane.

15. Nucleus
Location of the plant’s genetic and hereditary make-up.

16. Protoplasm The living matter of the cell.
The gel matrix inside the cell.

17. Plasma Membrane
Surrounds protoplasm and allows for exchange of nutrients and gases into and out of the cell.

18. Cell Wall
The rigid structure that provides support for the cell and thus the whole plant.

19. Other Cell Structures
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Plastids
Mitochondrion

20. The Plant Cell

21. Plant Tissue A group of cells with similar origin and function.
Classified according to their….
Origin
Structure
Physiology

22. Origin & Function Meristematic Vascular Cambium
Near the tip of stems and roots where cell division and enlargement occur.
Vascular Cambium
Increase growth in diameter of stems.

23. Structure Simple Complex Usually one type of cell.
Several types of cells.

24. Simple Tissues Epidermal Sclerenchyma
One-cell thick, outer layer, protects, prevents water loss.
Sclerenchyma
Have thickened cell walls and contain fibers to give strength and support to plant structures.

25. Complex Tissues Collenchyma Parenchyma
Have thick cell walls that strengthen and support plant structures.
Parenchyma
Fleshy part of plant that stores water and nutrients.

26. The Asexual Cycle - Vegetative
Growth and development of buds, roots, leaves, and stems.

27. The Asexual Cycle - Vegetative
Cell elongation
Stage when cells enlarge.
Cell differentiation
Stage when cells specialize.

28. The Asexual Cycle - Reproductive
Reproductive or flowering
Plant develops flower buds that will develop into….
Flowers
Fruits
Seeds

29. Stages of Plant Growth Juvenile Reproductive Dormant
When the plant first starts to grow from a seed.
Reproductive
When plant produces flowers, seeds, and fruits.
Dormant
When plant rests or grows very little if any.

30. Growth Hormones
Plants produce chemical substances called hormones that inhibit or promote growth.
Common plant hormones are….
Inhibitors
Cytokinins
Gibberellins
Auxins

31. Inhibitors
Hasten fruit ripening, inhibit or restrain seed germination and stem elongation.
STOP

32. Cytokinins
Hormones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division.

33. Gibberellins
Hormones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering, and breaking of dormancy.

34. Auxins
Hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement.

35. Effects of Light, Moisture, Temperature, & Nutrients on Plants

36. Light Necessary because of photosynthesis. Photoperiodism
The response of plants to different amounts of light regarding their flowering and reproduction cycles.

37. Light Insufficient light causes long, slender, spindly stems.
Excessive light causes plants to dry out faster.

38. Moisture
Needed in large amounts because plant tissues are mostly water and….
Water carries the nutrients.
Turgid
When a plant is swollen or filled with moisture.
Wilted
When a plant is limp because it does not have enough moisture.

39. Moisture Too much water causes small root systems and drowning.
Which is the result of air spaces in soil being filled with water.
Too little water causes wilting and stunted growth.

40. vs. Temperature Needs vary depending on types of plants.
Either too high or too low will have adverse effects.
vs.

41. Nutrients Essential for optimum plant conditions.
Have little effect on seed germination.

42. Combined Effect of Light, Moisture, Temperature, & Nutrients
Ideal quantities and quality will give optimum plant growth.
Each has an effect on the other factors.
Unfavorable environmental conditions for plant growth causes diseases to be more severe in their damages to plants.

43. Designed By:
Johnny M. Jessup, FFA Advisor
Hobbton High School