1. The French First Army, together with the British First, Third, and Fourth Armies were advancing from south of the Selle Canal along a thirty mile front. Together with the American forces breaking out of the forests of Argonne this would disrupt the German efforts to reform a shortened defensive line.

2. Second Battle of the Sambre
From this point, the northern Allies advanced relentlessly, sometimes more than five miles a day, until the Armistice of November 11. German defenses crumbled in the advance.

3. The Armistice
Defined- Halt in hostilities to allow for peace negotiations

4. Armistice
On October 6, 1918 the German government sent President Wilson a dispatch requesting an armistice based on his 14 points.

5. Wilson’s 14 Points
I Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.
II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.

6. Wilson’s 14 Points
III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.
IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.

7. Wilson’s 14 Points
V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.

8. Wilson’s 14 Points
VI. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia... The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests…

9. Wilson’s 14 Points
VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored...
VIII. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine…

10. Wilson’s 14 Points IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy…
X. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.

11. Wilson’s 14 Points
XI. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea…
XII. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development…

12. Wilson’s 14 Points
XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations…
XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence…

13. Armistice
Wilson Asked that the Kaiser Wilhelm step down from power.

14. Kaiser
The Kaiser put himself in exile from Germany and lived in the Netherlands until his death in 1941
By going into exile he probably saved himself from execution.

15. Casualties % of Mobilized
Countries
Total Mobilized
Killed & Died
Wounded
Prisoners & Missing
Total Casualties
Casualties % of Mobilized
Allied Powers
Russia
12,000,000
1,700,000
4,950,000
2,500,000
9,150,000
76.3
France
8,410,000
1,357,800
4,266,000
537,000
6,160,800
British Empire
8,904,467
908,371
2,090,212
191,652
3,190,235
35.8
Italy
5,615,000
650,000
947,000
600,000
2,197,000
39.1
United States
4,355,000
126,000
234,300
4,500
364,800
8.2
Japan
800,000
300
907 3
1,210
0.2
Romania
750,000
335,706
120,000
80,000
535,706
71.4
Serbia
707,343
45,000
133,148
152,958
331,106
46.8
Belgium
267,000
13,716
44,686
34,659
93,061
34.9
Greece
230,000
5,000
21,000
1,000
17,000
11.7
Portugal
100,000
7,222
13,751
12,318
33,291
33.3
Montenegro
50,000
3,000
10,000
7,000
20,000
40.0
Total
42,188,810
5,152,115
12,831,004
4,121,090
22,104,209
52.3

16. Casualties % of Mobilized
Countries
Total Mobilized
Killed & Died
Wounded
Prisoners & Missing
Total Casualties
Casualties % of Mobilized
Central Powers
Germany
11,000,000
1,773,700
4,216,058
1,152,800
7,142,558
64.9
Austria-Hungary
7,800,000
1,200,000
3,620,000
2,200,000
7,020,000
90.0
Turkey
2,850,000
325,000
400,000
250,000
975,000
34.2
Bulgaria
87,500
152,390
27,029
266,919
22.2
Total
22,850,000
3,386,200
8,388,448
3,629,829
15,404,477
67.4
Grand Total
65,038,810
8,538,315
21,219,452
7,750,919
37,508,686
57.6

17. Statistics
What was not in the statistics of those wounded or killed is the carnage after the war
Those soldiers who suffered from Psychological abnormalities, drug addiction, alcoholism, PTSD
Breathing problems from gas attacks

18. Allied Powers Cost in Dollars in 1914-18
United States $22,625,253,000
Great Britain $35,334,012,000
France $24,265,583,000
Russia $22,293,950,000
Italy $12,413,998,000
Total with
Other countries $125,690,477,000

19. Central Powers Cost in Dollars in 1914-18
Germany $37,775,000,000
Austria-Hungary $20,622,960,000
Turkey $1,430,000,000
Bulgaria $815,200,000
Total of all Costs $60,643,160,000

20. Gas Casualties: 1914-18 Country Non-Fatal Deaths Total
Britain , , ,706
France , , ,000
United States , , ,807
Italy , , ,000
Russia , , ,340

21. Gas Casualties: 1914-18 Country Non-Fatal Deaths Total
Germany , , ,000
Aust-Hung , , ,000

22. Do wars end when the fighting stops?
Why or why not?