1. Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics Studied traits of pea plants
Born in After becoming a priest, he studied math and science at the University of Vienna.
In addition to being a teacher at a monastery, he was in charge of the garden.
This is where he conducted his experiment of the garden peas.
1st he self pollinated only the peas. Then cross pollinated.
The self pollinated plants looked just like the parent plant.
The cross pollinated ones to on characteristics of both parent plants.
Father of Genetics
Studied traits of pea plants

2. Genetics
The study of heredity, how traits (characteristics) are passed down from one generation to the next
Gene – sequence of DNA that codes for a protein & thus determines a trait
Traits - A genetically determined characteristic

3. Heredity
The genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring
These characteristics (traits) are inherited from parents

4. Generation
All of the offspring that are at the same stage of descent from a common ancestor.
Your grandparents, great aunts and great uncles are a generation.
Your parents, aunts and uncles are a generation.
You, your siblings and cousins are a generation.

5. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
The genetic material that controls all activities of a cell and determines the traits of an organism

6. Chromosome - A threadlike strand within the nucleus of a cell containing genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next.
Chromosome
Supercoils
Coils
Nucleosome
proteins
DNA
double
helix

7. Karyotype
A picture or display of all the pairs of chromosomes in numerical order based on size & shape

8. Homologous chromosomes huh-mol-uh-guhs
Chromosomes that pair up and have the same genes, are the same size and shape.
One from mother & one from father.

9. Autosomes Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Chromosome pairs 1-22

10. Sex Chromosomes Chromosome pair #23 XX – 2X’s will make female
XY – will make male

11. Human Chromosomes - Karyotype - Is this a boy or a girl?

12. Alleles Different forms of the same gene for a specific trait.
Example:
Trait – eye color
Alleles – blue, brown, green

13. Dominant An allele that is fully expressed over a recessive
Written as a capital letter - F

14. Recessive An allele only expressed with another recessive.
Written as a small letter - f

15. Genotype
The genetic makeup (gene combination) of an organism – the allele combination
- letters (Ff)
- symbols

16. Phenotype Physical Appearance
Outward (physical) appearance of the alleles
Ex. Blue eyes, tallness, being colorblind

17. Homozygous Having 2 identical alleles for a specific trait Purebred
Can be dominant or recessive
Examples FF, ff

18. Heterozygous Having 2 different alleles for a specific trait
Hybrid or carrier
Example: Ff

19. Punnett Square
A table used to predict what traits offspring will have, based on the traits of the parents F f FF Ff ff
heterozygous
homozygous

20. Probability
If “F” represents “Fire-breathing” and is dominant, what is the probability this dragon will be fire breathing? F f FF Ff ff

21. Boy or Girl?

22. Despite the importance of Mendel’s work . . . .
Some alleles are neither dominant or recessive and many traits are controlled by multiple alleles or multiple genes.

23. Boy or Girl?

24. Would the DNA found in your hair be the same DNA in your skin?
Forensic Scientists . .
Would the DNA found in your hair be the same DNA in your skin?
Yes, DNA contains the information for your entire genetic makeup.
DNA is contained in blood, bone, saliva, skin, organ tissues, muscle, brain cells, teeth, hair, mucus, perspiration, fingernails, semen, urine, feces, etc.

25. • Two widow’s peak alleles (both dominant), their hairline will have a peak
• One widow’s peak allele (dominant) and one straight hairline allele (recessive), they will have a widow’s peak
• Two straight hairline alleles (recessive), their hairline will be straight.

26. Detached Earlobes
Attached earlobes
Detached earlobes

27. Hitchhiker’s Thumb
mytwobubs.com

28. Tongue Roll
obviouswinner.com

29. Dimples
dreamstime.com
jacquelineluxe.com

30. Cleft Chin

31. Bar graph must include the following:
Title of chart
Y axis is the total students
X axis is the trait
Above each bar include the percent
Classroom Traits
68%
50%