1. Ruminant Digestive System Student Note Outline

2. Ruminants
Ruminant are animals that have four complex stomach structures.
This allows them to ___________, which monogastrics ___________digest
A few animals with ruminant digestive systems are __________, _____________, and ____________.
_________________ are usually ruminant animals.
Ruminants eat quickly at first, and break it down later
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3. Four Compartments: 1st-Rumen 2nd-Reticulum 3rd-Omasum 4th-Abomasum
The Ruminant Stomach
Four Compartments:
1st-Rumen
2nd-Reticulum
3rd-Omasum
4th-Abomasum
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4. The liquid part of the food goes straight to the _____________
The Digestive Tract
The solid part of a ruminants food goes to the ______________ after being swallowed
The liquid part of the food goes straight to the _____________
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5. In the rumen, food is broken down by ______________
1st Compartment: Rumen
In the rumen, food is broken down by ______________
Feed is forced back into the mouth where they chew their cud 6-8 times a day
This is called ________________
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6. There is no division between the rumen & reticulum
Together the rumen & reticulum make up _____% of the stomach

7. Reticulum
Reticulum has a lining with small compartments similar to a honeycomb. Hence its nickname the “______________.”
Interacts with the rumen in initiating mixing activity and provides additional storage for fermentation.
Also prevents foreign materials from entering the other compartments

8. Makes up 8% of the stomach
Omasum
Omasum has many folds, often referred to as ______________.
Aids in the grinding action of the food
Squeezes out ____________
Makes up 8% of the stomach
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9. Makes up 7% of the stomach
Abomasum
Abomasum: The ____________stomach
Corresponds with the stomach of ________________________animals.
Feed is mixed with gastric juice
Makes up 7% of the stomach

10. Small & Large Intestines
From the abomasum, the feed enters the ____________________where nutrients are absorbed in the blood system.
From the small intestine, the food passes into the _______________where the water is removed and the feed is prepared for excretion.

11. Review
Animals that have ruminant digestive systems eat forage rapidly and later regurgitate the feed, known as the _________.
The regurgitated food is chewed thoroughly, swallowed and then more feed is regurgitated. This process is continued until all the feed is ________________________.
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