1. Aim: Identify the links that create nation-state & explain how nationalism weakened empires

2. Nationalism: A Force for Unity or Disunity
Nationalism was the most powerful idea of the 1800’s.
Fueled efforts to build nation-states
Nationalists were not loyal to kings but to their people who shared common bonds
People who wanted to restore the old order from before the French Revolution saw nationalism as a force for disunity
Authoritarian rulers began to see that nationalism could also unify masses of people
Soon began to use nationalist feelings for their own purposes
Built nation-states in areas where they remained firmly in control 2

3. Types of Nationalist Movements
1) Unification
Mergers of politically divided but culturally similar lands
Ex: 19th Century German and Italy
2) Separation
Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away
Ex: Greeks in Ottoman Empire & French Speaking Canadians
3) State-Building
Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture
Ex: The United States & Turkey 3

4. Nationalism Shakes Aging Empires
Three aging empires contained a mixture of ethnic groups
Austrian Empire
Russian Empire
Ottoman Empire
Ethnic unrest threatened & toppled these empires
Austria-Hungary broke into several separate nation-states
Romanov dynasty of Russia was determined to maintain iron control over its diversity
Russia institute a policy of Russification, forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups
Ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the people under their rule-Angered Turks
Ottoman Empire broke apart after WWI 4