1. Module 4 Responding to the environment
Pulling together – muscles, nerves and hormones

2. Learning Objectives Success Criteria
To understand how muscles, nerves and hormones work together
State that responses to environmental stimuli in mammals are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems
(Grade E - D)
Identify physiological changes in flight or fight response
(Grade C –B)
Explain how the fight or flight response is coordinated by nerves and hormones
(Grade B – A) 2

3. Starter
June 2012 – Question 2

4. Pulling Together
Responses to environmental stimuli in mammals are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems
Stimuli from external environment feed information into systems
Brain assesses appropriate response
Ensure survival
Short term e.g. homeostasis
Long term e.g. reproductive behaviours

5. Flight or Fight Response
Coordinated by nervous and endocrine systems
Threat to safety of organism leads to variety of physiological changes
Either escape or challenge threat
Heightened awareness to assess threat

6. Flight or Fight Response: Physiological Changes
Heart rate increases
Arterioles to muscles dilate
Blood glucose levels increase
Metabolic rate increases
Ventilation rate increases
Endorphins (natural pain killers) released

7. Flight of Fight Response
Cerebral understanding of threat
Activates hypothalamus
Stimulates sympathetic nervous system
Adrenaline release

8. Resisting Stressors Hypothalamus Corticotrophin-releasing Factor (CRF)
Sympathetic Nervous System
Pituitary Gland
Adreno-corticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Glands and smooth muscle
Adrenaline
Adrenal Cortex
Corticosteroid Hormones
Physiological changes

9. Plenary
Complete table on worksheet

10. Learning Objectives Success Criteria
To understand how muscles, nerves and hormones work together
State that responses to environmental stimuli in mammals are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems
(Grade E - D)
Identify physiological changes in flight or fight response
(Grade C –B)
Explain how the fight or flight response is coordinated by nerves and hormones
(Grade B – A) 10