1. The Spark…
Princip

2. The Chain Reaction
Austria issues Serbia with an ultimatum, but decides to declare war even when Serbia accepts all the points but one;
Russia declares war on Austria.
Germany declares war on Russia;
Germany also declares war on France and marches through Belgium.
Britain declares war on Germany for violating Belgian neutrality.
Italy declares its neutrality

3. Today’s Questions How was World War I fought?
What were 5 new technologies that changed warfare during the Great War?

4. Trenches and Technology
Warfare in the Great War (World War I)

5. Trenches

6. Trenches
Jane Addams said Allied soldiers were given stimulants (alcohol, drugs) before they would or could charge with their bayonets.

7. Trenches
“Lice, rats, barbed wire, fleas, shells, bombs, underground caves, corpses, blood, liquor, mice, cats, artillery, filth, bullets, mortars, fire, steel: that is what war is” – Otto Dix, German soldier

11. Trenches Trench foot Caused by feet staying wet 24 hours a day
Feet swell, become numb, turn blue
Change socks 3 times a day to avoid

12. Trenches Poison Gas Germans used it first against the Russians in 1915
Mustard gas
Skin blistered
Eyes became very sore
Vomiting
Internal and external bleeding
Attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane
Usually 4-5 weeks to die after being poisoned

13. British Gas Casualties: 1914-1918
Deaths
Survivors
Chlorine
1,976
164,457
Mustard Gas
4,086
16,526

14. Mustard Gas
“Great mustard-coloured blisters, blind eyes, all sticky and stuck together, always fighting for breath, with voices a mere whisper, saying that their throats are closing and they know they will choke." – Nurse Vera Brittain

15. Victims of Mustard Gas

18. Technology Tank British invention Mobile killing machine
Designed to overcome trenches, wire, and landmines
Dangerous to people inside

21. Technology Machine Guns Maxim gun Deadliest weapon of war
600 bullets a minute (10 bullets a second)
One machine gun=80 men with rifles

25. Technology Airplanes Little effect = Clumsy bombers + small bombs
Used mainly to observe enemy

26. Airplanes
Aces (pilots with 5+ downed enemy planes) engaged in “dogfights”
Most famous
Germany’s Red Baron
(Manfred von Richtofen)
80 victories
America’s
Eddie Rickenbacker
26 victories

29. Technology Unterseeboot (U-Boat) Submarines with guns and torpedoes
Used to block trade
Sank over 11 million tons of Allied shipping