1. Lecture 3, Chapter 2: Body Organization Anatomy and physiology finally meet medical terminology.

2. Chapter 2: Body Organization Review

3. Organs and systems
A system is composed of organs (which are composed of tissues, which are composed of cells).
Refer to pages 25 – 29 for more complete descriptions of these systems

4. Last time we covered the following systems, we will briefly review each.
We will then move on to the remaining few systems and finish out the chapter with some general anatomical and body organization terminology.

5. Integumentary – protective/regulatory layer
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Refer to pages 25 – 29 for more complete descriptions of these systems

6. Musculoskeletal – forms body structure
Bones
Joints
Muscles
Refer to pages 25 – 29 for more complete descriptions of these systems

7. Cardiovascular – transports blood
Heart
Arteries
veins
Refer to pages 25 – 29 for more complete descriptions of these systems

8. Blood or Hematic – transports nutrition and fights infection
Plasma
Erthrocytes (red blood cells)
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Platelets
Refer to pages 25 – 29 for more complete descriptions of these systems

9. Lymphatic – fights infection
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus gland
Tonsils
Refer to pages 25 – 29 for more complete descriptions of these systems

10. Respiratory – O2 in, CO2 out (necessary for metabolism)
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs
Refer to pages 25 – 29 for more complete descriptions of these systems

11. Digestive or Gastrointestinal – obtains and processes nutrients
Oral cavity …
Stomach
Small intestine
Colon
Liver
Pancreas
Refer to pages 25 – 29 for more complete descriptions of these systems

12. Urinary – filters and removes waste
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Refer to pages 25 – 29 for more complete descriptions of these systems

13. Reproductive – produces and develops germ cells for reproduction
Female: ovaries, uterus…, breasts
Male: testes, … prostate,… bulbourethral gland

14. And to wrap things up, the remaining 3 systems:
Endocrine
Nervous (coolest by far)
Special Senses

15. Endocrine - regulates metabolism
Pituitary gland
Thyroid
Thymus
Pancreas …
Reproductive glands

16. Nervous – receives and processes sensory information (information super highway of the body)
Brain and spinal cord (CNS)
Nerves (PNS)
Refer to pages 25 – 29 for more complete descriptions of these systems

17. Special senses – sensory input
Eye (opthamalogy) - vision
Ear (otorhinolaryngology) – audition (hearing)
Literally study of the ears, nose, and throat (ENT)
Refer to pages 25 – 29 for more complete descriptions of these systems

18. The systems discussed previously constitute the body as a whole.
Pages of your text book

19. (Important for reference)
Planes
(Important for reference)
Coronal (like a crown)
Sagital (front to back, from the Latin word for arrow)
Transverse (right through the middle)
Refer to pages 30 – 31 for body planes
Source: Yassine Mrabet, wikipedia

20. Guess the section of your prof’s brain scan.
Your brain on MED111B:
Guess the section of your prof’s brain scan.
…more on this later

21. Section 1: Q:
Which is it?

22. ANSWER:
Coronal – slices through my head like a crown creating an image that appears to start at the back of my head and proceed toward my nose.

23. Section 2: Q:
Which is it?

24. ANSWER:
Sagital – from ear to ear, this plane slices from left to right. Imagine a line drawn down the center of the body from head to toe and moving it from side to side (ear to ear).

25. Section 3: Q:
Which is it?

26. ANSWER:
Transverse – Up and down. This plane slices me from the top of my head to my neck. Pretend I’m standing up, and the plane is level with the horizon.

27. Body Regions and Cavities Pages 31-32
Directional / positional terms and organization
Pages 33-37

28. Body regions
In order of appearance (from head to toe):
Cephalic – head
Cervical – neck
Trunk – subdivided into:

29. Anterior (front) side:
Body Regions (cont.)
Trunk:
Anterior (front) side:
Thoracic - chest
Abdominal – midsection
Pelvic – waist
Pubic – genital
Posterior (back) side:
Dorsum – back
Vertebral region – spine
Gluteal - buttocks

30. Body Regions (cont.) Extremities Brachial (Upper) Crural (lower):
Arms, hands
Crural (lower):
Legs, feet

31. Body Cavities
Please review pages of your text book, these follow the body regions closely and have been left out of lecture for brevity (but you are still responsible for knowing them).
Body cavities are portions of the body (typically large in volume) containing organs and organ systems.

32. Body cavity organization These are surrounded by a 2 layer membrane:
Viscera – major organs contained in the cavities at the front of the body (such as the trachea, stomach, liver, etc.)
These are surrounded by a 2 layer membrane:
Pleura – lines all thoracic (chest) cavities.
Peritoneum – lines all abdominal (midsection) and pelvic (low-midsection) cavities.

33. Directional and positional terms
Covered in detail on pages of your text, very important to review these outside of lecture.
These terms are used to describe the general positions of regions of the body and give references points when describing the body’s organization.

34. Major directional terms
Dorsal – back
such as a dorsal
fin on a dolphin
Ventral – front
opposite side from dorsal, on a human this
would literally be the face side.

35. Major directional terms
Medial - middle
Lateral – to the side

36. Major directional terms
Proximal – close to the body
Distal – away from the body

37. LABOR OMNIA VINCIT Assignment
Complete the review at the end of Chapter 2 to prepare for
the next quiz (do not turn in).
Begin reading Chapter 3 – Integumentary System
Optional but highly suggested
Complete the exercises for your textbook at:
Course Website:
LABOR OMNIA VINCIT

38. Questions ?