1. Phases of the New Deal 1933-1935 1936 – Referendum and Mandate 1937
100 Days
Height of popularity
Second New Deal – businesses had not really “helped” and NRA was ineffective so FDR focuses on workers
1936 – Referendum and Mandate
1937
Court Packing and “Roosevelt Recession”
1938
Re-emphasis
End of the New Deal?

2. The Roosevelt Recession - 1937
FDR believes programs are effective and solving the GD
Begins to cut back on funding and relief programs
Economy is not as strong as he thought and there is a rise in unemployment and economic struggles

3. Resistance to the New Deal
Limitations
Critics
Supreme Court Packing Plan

4. Limitations of the New Deal
Women
Men received preferred hiring status in relief jobs
Many programs permitted lower pay for women
Social Security did not include domestic work.

5. Limitations of the New Deal
African Americans
Reinforced racial segregation in programs
Excluded blacks from professional or “skilled” labor.
AAA hurt sharecroppers
Did nothing to stop the rising tide of lynching or the poll tax
FDR doesn’t want to anger white southern politicians
A-A still supported him

6. Critics of the New Deal The New Deal goes too far:
Many critics saw New Deal Programs as being socialistic
TVA
SSA – Rich don’t need it!
Critics called most New Deal Programs
“un-American” because they “smacked of Bolshevism”, and regulated capitalism.

7. The New Deal doesn’t go far enough:
Many New Deal critics said that New Deal programs should redistribute the personal wealth of the country. – SOCIALISM!
Progressive critics complained that The New Deal did not eliminate poverty.

8. Huey “Kingfish” Long Senator from Louisiana “Share the Wealth”
income and inheritance taxes on wealthy
Wanted to guarantee Americans:
$2,500 a year
A car and home
College education
All The Kings Men – News
“All The Kings Men” Trailer

9. Father Coughlin Catholic Priest who was a flip-flopping critic of FDR.
Lost support because of Pro-Nazi sentiments
Both Coughlin and Long used half-truths and scare tactics

10. Father Charles Coughlin
Union For Social Justice
Weekly radio show: “The Radio Priest”
Problem is banking:
Supported Fascism (Hitler) and blamed Jews for problems
Ordered off the air
Both Coughlin and Long used half-truths and scare tactics

11. Dr. Francis Townsend Help for the elderly
$ from Fed. Sales tax give retired person over 60 years old $200/mo.
Must spend it all in the month
open up jobs for younger workers
Stimulate economy
general basis for Social Security

12. THE SUPREME COURT Challenges to the New Deal
1935: Schechter v. US: struck down NRA
“Sick chicken case” – Schechter brothers were accused of selling unhealthy chickens to buyers in violation of NRA Cods
NRA codes were written by business leaders, but if Pres. agreed with codes they could be given power of “law”
SC says Schechter was intra-state trade
separation of powers – FDR had taken legislative powers of Congress and was regulating trade within a state
1935: U.S. v Butler: struck down AAA
gov’t can’t tax one group (processors) to then give to farmers for not farming all of their land
Can tax, but the tax was coercive and led to unconstitutional ends

13. ELECTION OF 1936 - FDR won easily (v Repub
ELECTION OF FDR won easily (v Repub. Alfred Landon - Kansas governor)
this victory gave FDR a mandate to continue his New Deal policies
first objective: to reorganize the Supreme Court - they disallowed some New Deal legislation
FDR wants # of judges changed from 9 15 (to "pack the court") - great opposition, so FDR withdrew this proposal
but judges retired & FDR got to appoint new ones  they approved all New Deal legislation

15. the late 1930's – new Qs arose…
FDR concerned w/ int'l issues
in 1939 he proposed no new major domestic reform measures (1st time in his pres.)
ELECTION OF FDR broke with tradition & ran a 3rd time
FDR v. Wendell Wilkie - the big issue here was American support of the Allies (G.B.), now embroiled in WWII v. Nazi Ger.
both U.S. pol. parties wanted to support G.B. but to remain neutral - in fact a CONSENSUS had developed b/n the Dems. and Repubs.
both parties approved of (most) New Deal legislation & wanted an isolationist foreign policy
FDR won in 1940 (and again in 1944)

16. Legacy of the New Deal

17. General Criticisms Some projects did not have lasting effects
Gov’t was too involved in economy
Heavier taxes = less money for consumers to spend
Deficit Spending = spending more money then gov’t takes in, leads to heavy debt

18. ***Despite his critics, FDR was a hero to MILLIONS of Americans***

19. IMPACT OF THE NEW DEAL
a 3rd revolution in American culture and politics- more gov't involvement but w/in the context of traditional U.S. democracy (not socialist…)
New Deal helped in stimulating the U.S. economy, but only WWII would solve any lingering problems  unemployed found jobs in munitions factories and the military as the U.S. became the ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY
New Deal saw expansion of U.S. gov't in :
1) eco. - constant gov't intervention/deficit spending
2) social reform - welfare state - after this point the U.S. gov't was expected to play a role in any economic crisis

20. LEGACY OF NEW DEAL Government’s role changed:
“Broker State”
Fed. Gov’t assists groups who are able to organize and exercise power(voting) to demand government action
Minorities: mixed results: women & blacks in FDR’s gov’t; discrimination from New Deal
Continues the “reform tradition” populists, etc.
Capitalism “saved”:
Did NOT end the Great Depression

21. Political “Flip-Flop”:
Democratic Party (during Progressive era & beyond): now more gov’t. involvement, more spending, actively help “little guy” (used to be: smaller gov’t, not intrusive, Jefferson’s vision)
Republican Party: gov’t is now too big, interferes too much in people’s lives, need to cut spending (used to be associated w/stronger gov’t, support economic growth: Federalists, Whigs)