1. Volume 25, Issue 1, Pages 1-11 (March 2018)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: A clinical overview for primary care physicians 
Sudha Pandit, Moheb Boktor, Jonathan S. Alexander, Felix Becker, James Morris 
Pathophysiology 
Volume 25, Issue 1, Pages 1-11 (March 2018)
DOI: /j.pathophys
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Los Angeles Classification of GERD. Grade A − one or more mucosal breaks each ≤5mm in length. Grade B − at least one mucosal break >5mm long, but not continuous between the tops of adjacent mucosal folds. Grade C − at least one mucosal break that is continuous between the tops of adjacent mucosal folds, but which is not circumferential. Grade D − mucosal break that involves at least three-fourths of the luminal circumference.
Pathophysiology  , 1-11DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Progressive histological changes seen in mild and erosive esophagitis A − Normal esophagus histology; B − Increased basilar layer thickness and papillary elongation of noncornified stratified squamous cells; C − Increased fibrosis in papillary stricture.
Pathophysiology  , 1-11DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Complications of Erosive Esophagitis. Endoscopic (A) and Histologic (B) findings in peptic stricture as a complication of prolonged erosive esophagitis from GERD.
Pathophysiology  , 1-11DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions