1. How to Study for Exams
Space your review out over several days, don’t try to do it all at once.
Focus on Understanding not Memorization
Step 1: Identify the information to be tested.
complete review guide,
read over notes provided by teacher
review Quizlet if available
Step 2: Identify what you don’t know (this is what you should spend the most time with)
Write down questions you have about this material
Seek out the answers to these questions
Step 3: Learning is active, do something with the material you need to master (don’t just re-read)
Write your own review questions, then answer them
Chunk the material and write summaries
Make flash cards
Draw a picture of the information
Create graphic notes (venn diagrams, flow charts, web maps, timelines)
Rank the information (by importance, based on your comfort, least interesting to most)
Step 4: Learning is social, Review with a friend or parent
Quiz each other on the material
Take turns reading your summaries
Explain your notes to them, teach the material
Compare your answers to the review guide- identify difference and look up the information to see who is right.

2. Ch 12 Review Notes Problems Washington faced
Unfriendly neighbors (GB, France and Spain wanted to take US land)
GB had forts in the Ohio Valley that they wouldn’t leave even though that land belonged to the US
France was calling on the US to help the French in their war with GB, because of the Treaty of Alliances (signed during the Revolution)
Washington’s Foreign Policy (solution)
Neutrality-not to choose sides in the disputes or wars between other countries
Isolationism- a policy to avoid political or military agreements with other countries
This was defined in Washington’s Farewell Address
2 warnings
Avoid Political Parties
There is no gain in involvement in other nations’ affairs

3. President Adams Problems:
Jay Treaty between the US and GB removed the British from forts in the Ohio valley
This deal created a problem for Adams, because France saw the deal between the US and GB and a violation of the French and US Treaty of Alliances (from the Revolution). The US had made a deal with their enemy when France had been asking for their aid in war. Therefore the French started attacking US ships at sea
XYZ Affair: US meeting with French agents, when France demanded tribute money before they would talk
Americans were out raged “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”
Congress authorized money to build up a Navy- 12 ships, and an army of 10,000 men
President Adams solution: Sent a negotiating team to France, worked out peace deal with Napoleon that ended the Treaty of Alliances and got the French to say they would stop attacking US ships

4. Pirates in the Mediterranean
President Jefferson
Problems:
Pirates in the Mediterranean
Pirates had been paid tribute for years to protect American Trade in the Med. Sea, Tripoli was demanding more money
Tribute: protection money
French attack of US ships (only ½ as many as GB)
British attacks and impressment (by 1807 seized 1,000 ships)
Impressment: kidnap
In the 1800s GB stopped American trade ships and impressed American sailors forcing them to serve in the British navy claiming that they were British deserters

5. Jefferson Continued
Solution:
Made war with Tripoli- sent war ships to Med Sea instead of paying more tribute, war lasted 3 years when peace was reached all tribute to Tripoli stopped (soon tribute to all Barbary coast pirates stopped)
Issued an embargo in 1807 to deal with the continued attacks on US ships from France and GB- when diplomacy failed
Embargo-A government order that forbid trade with another country
Impact
It has little impact on France or GB…but it destroyed the American economy and put 55,000 US sailors out of work

6. British arming Native Americans on the frontier
President Madison
Problems
France continued to attack US trade ships heading to GB (their enemy) and steal cargo
British arming Native Americans on the frontier
British attacks on US ships and Impress sailors as deserters
Impressment: kidnap
In the 1800s GB stopped American trade ships and impressed American sailors forcing them to serve in the British navy claiming that they were British deserters
War Hawks Americans in the 1800s who were eager to go to war with GB, hope to conquer Canada, force GB to respect American rights (stop attacks, impressment, and arming Natives)
Cause of the War of 1812
GB was seizing ships and impressing sailors
GB was arming Native Americans in the Ohio valley
Hoped to drive Britain out of Canada
National pride
Solution
Moves the country away from isolationism and neutrality because of GB continued attacks and actions against US
Declare war on Great Britain in 1812
Blockade a closing off of an area to keep people or supplies from going in or out
during the war of 1812 GB created a blockade of American ports and hurt American trade business

7. Results of the War of 1812
The War of 1812 ended with the Treaty of Ghent- there was no winner, none of the issues were settled, no land was lost or gained
Native American resistance in the Northwest territory weakened with Tecumseh’s death
US national pride grew
Political impact- Federalist party crumbled because they had been opposed to the war (never recovered)
Under the first 4 Presidents GB was a greater threat to the US than France because
Great Britain
maintained forts on our territory in the Ohio valley,
armed Native Americans on the frontier with guns to use to fight American setters,
attacked American trade ships at sea,
stole US cargo and impressed American sailors forcing them to serve in British Navy.
France was only attacking US ships and taking cargo headed to GB.

8. President Monroe Problems: Solution
Latin American countries win independence – Monroe worked to position the US as a leader/power in the hemisphere. It was in US interests to keep European powers out of North and South America
Solution
Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe’s declaration in 1824 that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to European colonization
Goal: Keep European countries out of North and South America, establish the United States a leader/power in the hemisphere
Advise to issue this statement came from John Quincy Adams (sec of state)
Result:
showed the world that the US was no longer weak, the US was to be respected
Increased American pride in their country
Defined American foreign policy as not accepting European influence in America Affairs