1. Agricultural Systems Conventional Benefits
Hugely productive (for 60 years only)

2. Agricultural Systems Conventional Benefits
Hugely productive (for sixty years)
It’s traditional—everyone understands it

3. Agricultural Systems Conventional Benefits
Hugely productive (for sixty years)
It’s traditional—everyone understands it
Very competitive and low cost

4. Agricultural Systems Conventional Drawbacks Chemical poisoning
Benefits
Hugely productive
It’s traditional—everyone understands it
Very competitive and low cost
Drawbacks
Chemical poisoning

5. Agricultural Systems Conventional Drawbacks Depleted soils Benefits
Hugely productive
It’s traditional—everyone understands it
Very competitive and low cost
Drawbacks
Chemical poisoning
Depleted soils

6. Agricultural Systems Conventional Drawbacks
Benefits
Hugely productive
It’s traditional—everyone understands it
Very competitive and low cost
Drawbacks
Chemical poisoning
Depleted soils
No long term sustainability

7. Agricultural Systems Conventional Drawbacks High Transportation Costs
Benefits
Hugely productive
It’s traditional—everyone understands it
Very competitive and low cost
Drawbacks
Chemical poisoning
Depleted soils
No long term sustainability
High Transportation Costs

8. Agricultural Systems Conventional Drawbacks
Benefits
Hugely productive
It’s traditional—everyone understands it
Very competitive and low cost
Drawbacks
Chemical poisoning
Depleted soils
No long term sustainability
High Transportation Costs
No built in obligation to underlying natural systems

9. Dead Zones

10. Agricultural Systems Integrated Pest Management Benefits
Less Synthetic Chemicals

11. Agricultural Systems Integrated Pest Management Benefits
Less Synthetic Chemicals
More knowledgeable farmers

12. Agricultural Systems Integrated Pest Management Drawbacks
Benefits
Less Synthetic Chemicals
More knowledgeable farmers
Drawbacks
Still some chemicals

13. Agricultural Systems Integrated Pest Management Drawbacks
Benefits
Less Synthetic Chemicals
More knowledgeable farmers
Drawbacks
Still some chemicals
Otherwise same as “Conventional”

14. Agricultural Systems Food Alliance (Some call it “Beyond Organic”)
Benefits
Less Synthetic Chemicals

15. Agricultural Systems Food Alliance “Beyond Organic” Benefits
Less Synthetic Chemicals
Consideration for fish and wildlife

16. Agricultural Systems Food Alliance “Beyond Organic” Benefits
Less Synthetic Chemicals
Consideration for fish and wildlife
Consideration for water

17. Agricultural Systems Food Alliance “Beyond Organic” Benefits
Less Synthetic Chemicals
Consideration for fish and wildlife
Consideration for water
Consideration for worker welfare

18. Agricultural Systems Food Alliance “Beyond Organic” Benefits
Less Synthetic Chemicals
Consideration for fish and wildlife
Consideration for water
Consideration for worker welfare
Usually Local

19. Agricultural Systems Food Alliance “Beyond Organic” Benefits
Less Synthetic Chemicals
Consideration for fish and wildlife
Consideration for water
Consideration for worker welfare
Usually Local (goal is to be organic)
Certified for compliance

20. Agricultural Systems Food Alliance “Beyond Organic” Drawbacks
Benefits
Less Synthetic Chemicals
Consideration for fish and wildlife
Consideration for water
Consideration for worker welfare
Usually Local (goal is to be organic)
Certified for compliance
Drawbacks
Still some chemical fertilizers and pesticides

21. Agricultural Systems Organic
Came into effect 2002, based upon ‘Organic Foods Act of 1990”
Benefits
No Synthetic chemicals

22. Agricultural Systems Organic
Came into effect 2002, based upon ‘Organic Foods Act of 1990”
Benefits
No Synthetic chemicals
No Sewage sludge as fertilizer

23. Agricultural Systems Organic
Came into effect 2002, based upon ‘Organic Foods Act of 1990”
Benefits
No Synthetic chemicals
No Sewage sludge as fertilizer
No GMO crops “wink, wink, nod, nod”

24. Agricultural Systems Organic
Came into effect 2002, based upon ‘Organic Foods Act of 1990”
Benefits
No Synthetic chemicals
No Sewage sludge as fertilizer
No GMO crops
No Irradiation of meat

25. Agricultural Systems Organic
Came into effect 2002, based upon ‘Organic Foods Act of 1990”
Benefits
No Synthetic chemicals
No Sewage sludge as fertilizer
No GMO crops
No Irradiation of meat
Certified according to USDA by 3rd party certifiers

26. Agricultural Systems Organic Benefits Drawbacks
No Synthetic chemicals
No Fertilizer sludge as fertilizer
No GMO crops
No Irradiation of meat
Certified according to USDA by 3rd party certifiers
Drawbacks
Relies mostly on random soil tests

27. Agricultural Systems Organic Drawbacks Benefits
No Synthetic chemicals
No Fertilizer sludge as fertilizer
No GMO crops
No Irradiation of meat
Certified according to USDA by 3rd party certifiers
Drawbacks
Relies mostly on random soil tests
Nothing specified for fish and wildlife; aquatic systems; or worker welfare

28. “Organic” *
Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain and enhance ecological harmony.
*USDA National Organic Standards Board (1995)

29. Organic Labeling Processed Food
100% Organic“ = only organic ingredients
Organic” = 95%+ organic ingredients
“Made With Organic Ingredients” = 70%+ organic ingredients
“Contains Organic ___________” listed in “Ingredients” on container.

30. Organic Processing
Organic and non-organic produce can’t touch anywhere in the pipeline from harvesting to the produce displays in store.
All growers, handlers, and processors must be certified by USDA

31. Agricultural Systems
Local
Benefits
Know your grower

32. Agricultural Systems Local Benefits
Know your grower
Usually organic, Food Alliance, or IPM

33. Agricultural Systems Local Benefits Food is typically fresher
Know your grower
Usually organic, Food Alliance, or IPM
Food is typically fresher

34. Agricultural Systems Local Benefits Most sustainable—less petroleum
Know your grower
Usually organic, Food Alliance, or IPM
Food is typically fresher
Most sustainable—less petroleum
Typical produce item travels 1500 miles to reach you and 10 calories of petroleum energy is used for each calorie of food energy contained.

35. Agricultural Systems Local Drawbacks Benefits
Know your grower
Usually organic, Food Alliance, or IPM
Food is typically fresher
Most sustainable—less petroleum
Typical produce item travels 1500 miles to reach you and 10 calories of petroleum energy is used for each calorie of food energy contained.
Drawbacks
No standard—depend upon ethics of producer

36. Agricultural Systems Grow your own—the ultimate local Benefits
You know your producer 

37. Agricultural Systems Grow your own—the ultimate local Benefits
You know your producer 
You know the inputs

38. Agricultural Systems Grow your own—the ultimate local Benefits
You know your producer 
You know the inputs
Grow exactly what you want

39. Agricultural Systems Grow your own—the ultimate local Benefits
You know your producer 
You know the inputs
Grow exactly what you want
NO petroleum consumption—you aren’t eating oil

40. Agricultural Systems Grow your own—the ultimate local Benefits
You know your producer 
You know the inputs
Grow exactly what you want
NO petroleum consumption—you aren’t eating any oil
Drawbacks
Requires a space

41. Agricultural Systems Grow your own—the ultimate local
First, you gotta love growing stuff 
Benefits
You know your producer 
You know the inputs
Grow exactly what you want
NO transportation costs—you aren’t eating any oil
Drawbacks
Requires a space
Requires time