1. University of Northern IA
Presentation prepared by:
Marilyn Shaw
University of Northern IA
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2. Chapter 5 Connecting through Nonverbal Communication
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3. What Is Nonverbal Communication?
Behaviors, symbols, attributes, or objects—whether intended or not—that communicate messages with social meaning are known as nonverbal communication.
We have a tendency to take nonverbal communication for granted.
We spend more of our time communicating nonverbally than verbally.
We often make our daily decisions based on our nonverbal communication.
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4. Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication occurs constantly
Nonverbal communication depends on context
Nonverbal communication is a primary means of expression
Nonverbal communication is more believable
Nonverbal communication is related to culture
Nonverbal communication is ambiguous
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5. Things You Should Know about Nonverbal Communication
Carries most of the meaning of the message, particularly feelings and attitudes toward others.
Is a frequent source of misunderstandings.
Is not governed by a set of universal rules.
Is multi-channeled, complicated, and ever-changing.
Is bound to context and culture.
Is more likely than verbal communication to be spontaneous and unintentional.
Is powerful and more believable than verbal communication.
Is learned (not always consciously).
Is critical in relationship initiation, development, and termination.
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6. Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Complementing
Completes, describes, or accents a verbal message.
Repeating
Expresses a message identical to the verbal one.
Regulating
Controls the flow of communication.
Substituting
Replaces a verbal message with nonverbal signals to exchange thoughts.
Deceiving
Nonverbal cues that purposely disguise or mislead to create a false impression.
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7. Types of Nonverbal Communication
Facial expression, body movement
Physical characteristics
Touch
Space
Time
Paralanguage
Silence
Artifacts
Environment

8. Types of Nonverbal Communication
Facial Expressions and Body Movements
Kinesics
Oculesics
Facial expressions
Facial management techniques
Intensifying—exaggeration of reactions to others’ expectations
Deintensifying—understatement of reactions to meet others’ expectations
Neutralizing—avoidance of any emotional expression in a situation
Masking—replacement of one expression with another considered more appropriate
Facial Management Techniques
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9. Categories of Body Movement and Facial Expressions
Emblems: translate directly into words
Illustrators: accent, reinforce or emphasize verbal messages
Regulators: control, monitor or maintain interaction between communicators
Affect displays: body movements that express emotions
Adaptors: body movements that help one feel at ease
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10. Physical Characteristics
Body type
Attractiveness
Height/weight
Skin tone

11. Touch/Haptics One of the most basic forms of communication.
Categories of touch:
Functional-professional
Social-polite
Friendship-warmth
Love-intimacy
Sexual arousal
Chapter 5, page 108
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12. Space - Proxemics Hall’s Proximity Zones
Intimate: 0-18”
Personal: 18” - 4’
Social: 4’-12’
Public: 12’ plus
Territoriality: need to identify certain space as one’s own.

13. Time - Chronemics
Study of how people perceive, structure, and use time as communication
Time expectations
Time approaches
Looking to the future
Living in the present
Longing for the past

14. Artifacts Environment Personal adornments Possessions
Psychological and physical surroundings in which communication occurs
Photo courtesy of Marilyn Shaw
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15. Improving Our Ability to Send and Interpret Nonverbal Communication
Self-monitoring
Sending
Be aware of how people react to you.
Ask friends or colleagues for their help.
Make a video of yourself to see how you appear to others.
Adapt to the context or situation in which you find yourself.
Interpreting
Nonverbal cues have multiple meanings.
Nonverbal cues are interdependent.
Nonverbal cues are subtle.
Use descriptive feedback to reduce misunderstandings.
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