1. Climate Change
How might the continued increase in global temperatures affect Africa?
John Birchall

2. Africa - vulnerability

3. Africa – the major causes for concern
Temperature rises over many areas will be greater than the global average. The general predicted rise is 4C by the 2080s. But temperatures could rise to 7C in southern Africa and 8C in northern Africa - almost double the global average
Significant changes in rainfall could be experienced across the continent, with the area around the Sahara and in southern Africa
Desertification is likely to increase around the Sahara, causing populations to move.
Rising temperatures, widespread water stress, increased frequency and severity of droughts and floods, and rising sea levels will severely damage progress on development goals in Africa.
Cereal crop yields could fall between 10 to 30 percent by the 2050s compared to 1990 levels.

4. Africa – the major causes for concern
Heat waves will bring increased injuries and death.
Vector- and water-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever and cholera may increase.An additional 67 million people in Africa could be at risk of malaria epidemics by the 2080s.
Greenhouse gases must be curbed and help must be given to vulnerable Africans to adapt to the new climate conditions. The cost of climate-proofing current investment plans will be between $10bn and $40bn.

5. What is global warming?

6. The main greenhouse gases

7. Who is monitoring global changes?

8. Some trends for discussion

9. How’s the rainfall near to you?

10. Rainfall - discussion
How have annual rainfall numbers been changing in your country?
Migration of pastoral farmers, land use, distance to fetch water, human migration patterns
Government reactions?
Health matters

11. Sea temperature changes

12. What should we be thinking about?
Land usage
Water provision
Irrigation
Marginal land
Rural-urban drift
Coastal erosion
Who pays and how

13. What might happen?

14. It’s going to get hotter…

15. Reactions to temperature trends
What has been happening in your country?
Rainy season, lake depths, flash floods
Illnesses related to increased temperatures
Deterioration in national asset structure
Government reactions

16. What might happen to the sea?

17. Rising sea levels Are these affecting your country – how?
Coastal populations and food stocks
Land use
Transport, infrastructure, distribution of products
Migration
Government reactions

18. Could we be more at risk from disease?

19. Diseases may increase Are there any signs of this in your country?
Why might this be happening
How will it affect national health care delivery
How might it affect education
What is government doing to educate people of the risks
Does government have plans to combat any increase in disease levels

20. Denge fever…

21. Malaria

22. Marine Resources

23. Marine Life

24. The economic impact of the sea

25. Marine resources Are these important to your country and if so why
Are marine resources being exploited
How can value be added in this sector
Who owns and regulates this part of the economy
What are its future prospects
How does the government address this area of the economy

26. Africa is less at risk…

27. Human behaviour

28. Those at most risk

29. Causal Factors

30. Who is most at risk?

31. The sea is a powerful force

32. All of Africa is at risk – the Nile Delta

33. The Gambia

34. The vulnerable are at an increased risk

35. Another example

36. Economic Impact

37. The economic impact
Which areas of your country would be most at risk if global warming increases?
How would this affect parts of your economy
Are these large contributors to the national economic wealth
How might your government react to the possible economic changes that global warming might cause

38. Economic Impact

39. Conclusion
These resources have been designed to help you focus on the major consequences of global warming
You should be thinking about your won country and its geography and demographics
You will also need to consider how and where global warming might impact on your country

40. Conclusion - 2
Finally, why not start to think about HOW the government, the private sector, NGO’s, major donor countries and other interested parties will need to produce policies that minimise the disruption to your economy and its people as global warming becomes a reality – good luck