1. Refer to class discussions and lectures for additional information
Geology of the oceans
Chapter 3
Refer to class discussions and lectures for additional information

2. Geology of the oceans
The world ocean covers over _____of the planet’s surface.
The oceans are believed to have formed about __________________

3. Primitive Earth and Formation of the Ocean
The atmosphere formed only______ _____________________________
The oceans formed only after____ _____________________________
The formation of the oceans created the ____________________ required for ___________________________

4. Ocean and the origin of life
__________________discharged electricity within water vapor, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen
The experiment produced _________(the building blocks of life). The idea that life arose from a primordial soup (proteins and other complex materials formed when shallow pools evaporated) was supported.
Currently scientists propose that life arose deep in the_______________________ ________________________________

6. Oldest known fossils
Fossils of ______________represent some of the earth’s earliest life forms
Fossils of _________________(blue-green algae) are dated __________

7. The Ocean Today Major ocean basins: ______________ (largest)
______________ (smallest)
______________ (also considered an ocean)

8. Seas and gulfs Sea – ___________________________
Examples:
_________________
Gulf – _________________________ _________________________________
________________

9. Continental Drift layers of the Earth
The Earth’s interior consists of multiple layers:
____________________
The ____________________is the uppermost solid portion of the mantle and the crust

10. Moving Continents
The continents fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle
Pangaea – ________________
The Earth was a single continent that broke up and drifted apart over___________________
___________________– included North America, Greenland, and Eurasia
___________________– included South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and India

11. Forces that drive continental drift
Mid-ocean ridge – ________________
Rift valley – _________________________ ___________________________________
New seafloor forms at the___________________ _______________________________________
Subduction zones – __________________
seafloor returns as part of the rock cycle at ____________________
Seafloor spreading – ________________

12. Evidence for continental drift and seafloor spreading
Three forms of evidence to support the theory of seafloor spreading
Sediment layers – _______________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________
Radiometric dating – __________________ ___________________________________
Magnetometer data – _________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________

13. The unifying theory: Theory of Plate Tectonics
The theory of plate tectonics unites the theory of seafloor spreading and the theory of continental drift
According to the theory of plate tectonics, __ ____________________________________ ____________________________________
Divergent plate boundaries (constructive boundaries)
_________________________________________ _________________________________________
Convergent plate boundaries (destructive boundaries)
___________________________________________ ___________________________________________
____________________________________________ _____________________________________________

14. Rift Communities Deep-sea vent communities
_____sea water seeps into the crust in the rift valley.
Hot magma below the crust superheats the water that has high levels of dissolved ____________ _______________
_____________ _____________is the equivalent of sunlight for the hydrothermal vent organisms

15. Rift communities cont.
Hydrothermal vents communities include organisms such as clams, giant tubeworms, and crustaceans
The primary producers for these communities are_________________
Primitive bacteria metabolize the dissolved sulfides providing chemical energy for the food web at the rift communities
Some scientists hypothesize that life on Earth_________________ ____________________